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ÖzetBitkisel Destek Ürünleri (BDÜ), geçmişten günümüze kadar beslenmenin önemli bir parçası olmuştur. Eski zamanlarda yaşayan insanlar bebek ve çocuk hastalıklarının tedavisinde bitkilerden yararlanmışlardır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü verilerine göre, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yaklaşık olarak nüfusun %80'i temel sağlık ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için bitkisel destek ürünlerinden faydalanmaktadır. Bitkisel destek ürünleri bebek ve çocuklarda üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu, iştah eksikliği, gastrointestinal rahatsızlıklar, uyku bozuklukları, idrar yolu hastalıkları ve deri hastalıklarında kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB), depresyon, inflamatuar barsak hastalığı, kistik fibrosiz, romatoid artrit ve astım gibi kronik hastalıklarda veya kanserde tıbbi ürünlerle beraber bitkisel ürünlerin kullanımı da oldukça popülerdir. Günümüzde en yaygın olarak kullanılan bitkisel destek ürünleri ekinezya, sarı kantaron (St. John's Wort), ginseng ve ginkgo bilobadır. Ancak bebek ve çocuklarda bitkisel destek ürünlerinin kullanılmasının neden olabileceği yan etkiler, beraberinde kullanılan ilaçlarla etkileşime girebilecekleri ve kullanılan dozun yetişkinlerden farklı olacağı unutulmamalıdır. Bu derleme bebek ve çocuklarda kullanılabilecek bitkisel destek ürünlerini nedenleriyle açıklarken, sağlığı etkileyebilecek olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerini de ele almaktadır. AbstractBotanical Dietary Supplements (BDS) has an important part in the human diet throughout the history. People, who lived in ancient times, relied on the plants for the treatment of diseases of infants and children. According to World Health Organization, approximately 80 percent of the population who live in developing countries use herbal supplements in order to meet the basic health needs of relies on Botanical Dietary Supplements. These products are used for upper respiratory tract infection, lack of appetite, gastrointestinal disorders, sleep disorders, urinary tract disorders, gynecological diseases and skin diseases in infants and children. Furthermore, not only the medical products but also botanical dietary supplements are used for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), depression, inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, along with chronic diseases like asthma or cancer. The most widely used botanical dietary supplements are echinacea, St. John's wort, ginseng and ginkgo biloba. On the other hand, the use of botanical dietary supplements by infants and children may cause side effects and can interact with other drugs. It should be noted that the dosage of botanical supplements for children differs from the dosage for adults. In conclusion, this paper explains which botanical dietary supplements can be used by infants and children and their positive and negative effects on health.

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The prevalence of cancer is rising globally, and it is the second leading cause of death. Nutrition has an important influence on the risk of developing cancer. Moreover, changes in the gut microbiota are connected to the risk of developing cancer and are critical for sustaining immunity. Various studies have shown that intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, and the Mediterranean diet are effective therapies in changing the intestinal microbiota, the prevention of cancer, and the improvement of tolerance to treatment in cancer patients. Although there is not enough evidence to show that the ketogenic diet is effective in changing the intestinal microbiota in a manner that could prevent cancer, intermittent fasting and the Mediterranean diet could positively affect composition of intestinal microbiota against cancer. In addition, the ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting, and the Mediterranean diet have the potential to stimulate anticarcinogenic pathways, and they might increase cancer patients’ quality of life according to scientific evidence. In this review, we represent and argue recent scientific data on relationship between intermittent fasting, the ketogenic diet, and the Mediterranean diet, intestinal microbiota, cancer prevention and cancer treatment.

The population is getting older because of the prolongation of the average life expectancy and the decrease in birth rates to the developing economic and social living conditions in societies. 1 Türkiye has a large and growing elderly population. In 2020, 9.5% of the population was over 65 years, similar to the world average. 2 Elderly population in Türkiye will increase by approximately 200% by 2040.