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A study was made on the effects of cervical headgear on dentofacial structures, especially non-erupted teeth, in the early and late mixed dentition periods. Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalometric evaluation was done on 8 patients in the early mixed dentition period and 10 patients in the late mixed dentition period. The results showed that any reference line passing through Ptm point should not be used to evaluate the efficiency of cervical headgear, and that such headgear is more effective on non-erupted teeth in early mixed dentition. IntroductionExtraoral traction for distalization of upper first molars has been used to establish an ideal occlusion [1][2][3][4]. Several investigations [5][6][7] have indicated a compound effect on the craniofacial skeleton, and dental and dentoalveolar structures. Even if traction is applied to the first permanent molars, an indirect distal effect on both erupted and non-erupted teeth can be seen in the upper dental arch. In other words, transseptal interdental ligaments cause diastemas to appear between the teeth [8][9][10].The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cervical headgear on dentofacial structures, especially non-erupted teeth, in the early and late mixed dentition periods.