Ulcerative colitis is a form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that produces inflammation and ulcers along the inside of the colon, which can interfere with the normal function of the colon. The disease typically starts to manifest in patients as young adults.  Ulcerative colitis is an intermittent disease with periods of exacerbated symptoms, or flares, and periods that are relatively symptom-free. According to the Cohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, several millions people suffer from ulcerative colitis worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches for ulcerative colitis are partially successful despites advances in GIT research. A significant proportion of patients with ulcerative colitis undergo colectomy. Nearly 50% patients do not achieve sustained remission, leading to impairment of physical and mental health, social life, employment issues and sexual activity. Budesonide is an oral, extended release synthetic corticosteroid that is recently approved for UC.  Enteric-coated budesonide formulations resist gastric-acid degradation, delivering active drug to the small intestine and proximal colon. Budesonide is specifically indicated for the induction of remission in patients with active, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. Budesonide has a high first-pass metabolism with minimal systemic absorption. This review describes recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of ulcerative colitis and outlines why future studies targeting sustained suppression of inflammation could have an enormous impact on the natural course of the disease. Ulcerative colitis needs intense therapy and it should be maintained until sustained remission and mucosal healing has been reached.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem. It is worldwide & a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Glibenclamide and Glimepiride are widely used second generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs. Both Glibenclamide and Glimepiride stimulate release of insulin from pancreatic acinar cells, by blocking an ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Therefore we evaluated the effect of Glimepiride and Glibenclamide on glycosylated haemoglobin in patients of type II diabetes mellitus. Aims & Objective:(1) To find out the demographic profile of type II diabetes mellitus. (2) To find out the effect of Glimepiride and Glibenclamide on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in type II diabetes mellitus Patients. (3) To compare the effect of Glimepiride and Glibenclamide on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) among the two study groups. Material and Methods: A prospective, randomized, open, parallel group study was carried out in patients attending OPD of Medicine department MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Mullana, Ambala. 50 patients were randomly assigned into groups A & group B. In Group A (n=25) Glibenclamide (5-15 mg/day) & in Group B (n=25) Glimepiride (1-6 mg/day) was administered for a period of 24 weeks. Data analyzed by Student's "t"-test.Results: It was found that prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus is more common among the male patients There was a significant reduction in glycosylated haemoglobin score (p<0.05) in both the study groups after 24 weeks but glycosylated haemoglobin level did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion: Glibenclamide and Glimepiride lowered glycosylated haemoglobin to a similar degree without significant difference between the two groups.