In this paper, a Multi Agent System (MAS) based on sequence current magnitudes and current direction is proposed for fault location and isolation in a smart microgrid system. Each of the fault types has a different impact on the sequence current components, which along with the direction of the current during a fault can be used for fault location. The microgrid has been implemented by adding Distributed Generation at various locations of the 37-bus IEEE benchmark system and its fault simulation has been done in OpenDss which is an open source distribution system simulation software.
Multi Agent System Based Fault Location in a Smart MicroGrid System Seetaram Alwala The electric power grid is inherently a huge network that has been going through a lot of transformation because of its restructuring and increase in the deployment of Distributed Generation. The steep increase in electricity demand and the large financial losses caused by the blackouts has initiated research towards increasing the security and robustness of the electric grid and making it a Smart Grid. Smart Grids might incorporate MicroGrids, which can be defined as low to medium voltage networks that contain aggregation of certain loads and Distribution Generation units that can operate in either grid-connected or islanded mode. One of the leading technologies to deploy intelligence in the electric grid is the agent technology. Multi Agent systems are basically a congregation of individual agents that can sense changes in their environment and autonomously make decisions to meet their design objectives. The technological advancement in the agent technology can provide solutions for a wide range of Smart Grid activities. In a MicroGrid, a single fault can lead to catastrophic, cascading events that could result in a blackout. This makes fault location an important problem to solve. The penetration of Distributed Generation units causes a two way power flow in the traditional radial distribution system. This, coupled with the inherent unbalanced nature of the distribution system, makes the fault location a difficult problem to solve. In this thesis, a Multi Agent system has been formulated to determine the precise fault location and identify faulty zones. The algorithm for the fault detection is based on the magnitude of the sequence components of currents and current directions during a fault in the system. v
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