The shift of consumers buying preference toward green beauty products can alleviate environmental degradation to a certain extent. This study investigated the factors that could affect non-green consumers purchase intention of green beauty products. Through the lens of non-green consumers of green beauty products, the norm activation theory was employed as the underpinning theory in this paper. A quantitative method, based on the partial least squares structural equation modelling, was used to verify the proposed hypotheses. The findings displayed that norm activation theory activators, such as ascription of responsibility, efficacy, social norm and environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) initiatives showed a significant impact on personal norm, while awareness of consequences had no influence on personal norm as an activator. Corresponding results disclosed that awareness of consequences, efficacy, social norm, ECSR initiatives, and personal norm exhibited a significant impact on the purchase intention of green beauty products. The study further assessed the effectiveness of personal norm as a mediator variable and found that personal norm mediated four out of five activators of nongreen consumers' purchase intention of green beauty products. According to the research, a further inclusive analysis can be conducted in the future to evaluate the purchase intention of green beauty products among non-green consumers and existing consumers on the foundation of norm activation theory.

Islamic banking was launched in Malaysia nearly three decades now, back in 1983. However, the market share of Islamic retail banking (IRB) still seemed to be relatively low. Therefore, the main aim of the present study is to analyze the difference in the awareness, perception, and preferences on IRB between the urban and rural banking customers of Malaysia. Hence, a comparative analysis was conducted based on 537 respondents representing both urban and rural regions of Malaysia. Results revealed that there is a significant difference in terms of awareness and on perceived complexity, uncertainty, and observablity. There also seem to be some variations for returns, loan repayment period, service charges, and overdraft facilities. Thus, the findings would be useful for the banking sector in understanding the customer perception and preferences concerning IRB, and to promote it strategically, and for the relevant authorities, in promoting specific regulations and policies that enhance the market share of IRB.

This study aims to examine the factors affecting the adoption of Islamic retail banking (IRB) products and services among the banking customers of Malaysia. The market share of Islamic retail banking remains low despite being in operation for the past 28 years. Therefore, an empirical analysis was conducted to study the usage of Islamic retail banking products and services between the urban and rural banking customers of Malaysia. Comparisons were also made on the usage of Islamic deposits and financing schemes between the Muslim and non-Muslim customers. The findings of the study revealed, relative advantage, promotional efforts, complexity, compatibility and awareness on attributes of Islamic retail banking as the significant determinants of the usage of Islamic retail banking products and services. Thus, the findings of this study serves as a valuable guideline to the banking sector and policy makers to devise appropriate marketing strategies to promote Islamic retail banking products and services aggressively among the banking customers of Malaysia.

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