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Changes in cellular energetics and genomic instability are two characteristics of cancers that have been studied independently. Evidence of cross-talk between mitochondria function and nuclear function has started to emerge, suggesting that these pathways can influence one another. Here we review recent evidence that links the mitochondria and the cell cycle. This evidence indicates bidirectional cross-talk where mitochondria function can regulate the cell cycle and induce genomic instability, and conversely, the cell cycle machinery regulates mitochondria function. Implications for this cross-talk in the development of cancer are discussed.

At the molecular level, the circadian clock is regulated by a time delayed transcriptionaltranslational feedback loop in which the core proteins interact with each other rhythmically to drive daily biological rhythms. The C-terminal domain of a key clock protein PER2 (PER2c) plays a critically important role in the loop, not only for its interaction with the binding partner CRY proteins but also for the CRY/PER complex's translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Previous circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic studies have shown that mouse PER2c (mPER2c) is less structured in solution by itself but folded into stable secondary structures upon interaction with mouse CRYs. To understand the stability and folding of human PER2c (hPER2c), we expressed and purified hPER2c. Three oligomerization forms of recombinant hPER2c were identified and thoroughly characterized through a combination of biochemical and biophysical techniques. Different to mPER2c, both thermal unfolding DLS and CD analyses suggested that all forms of hPER2c have very stable secondary structures in solution by themselves with melting temperatures higher than the physiological body temperature, indicating that hPER2c does not require CRY to fold. Furthermore, we examined the effects of EDTA, salt concentration, and a reducing agent on hPER2c folding and oligomerization. The ability of hPER2c forming oligomers reflects the potential role of hPER2c in the assembly of circadian rhythm core protein complexes. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Xian Y, Moreno B, Miranda V, Vijay N, Nunez LC, Choi J, et al. (2020) Thermal stability analyses of human PERIOD-2 C-terminal domain using dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0221180. https://doi.