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The factors that affect young students' successes and failures in learning a foreign language with specific focus on the role of perceived causal attributions were examined. The content of self-assessment papers of 52 young learners studying English was analyzed to investigate the students' success and failure attributions. It was found that both attributions were linked mostly to internal and unstable factors, with listening to the teacher and doing homework being the most significant. The results highlight the importance of language teachers' awareness of their students' attributions.

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This paper reports on findings of a research study that sought to investigate the relationship between classroom environment and candidate teachers' social and psychological wellbeing. Dimensions of psychological and social well-being models include constructs such as personal growth, positive relations with others, and social contribution. Such constructs have impacts on teachers' creating a positive classroom environment, which is a predictor of students' academic achievement. Therefore, this study aims at exploring whether and how psychological and social well-being shape candidate teachers' perceptions of positive classroom environment. To address the focus of this study, the data were collected from 157 senior students at the English Language Teaching department through three questionnaires. The questionnaires measured mainly three variables: Participants' perceptions of positive classroom environment and their psychological and social well-being. The relationships between these variables were tested through Structural Equation Model (SEM) using AMOS (22.0). The results of the study revealed some significant relationships between some of the dimensions only, which may indicate that the participant pre-service teachers are expected to promote positive classroom environment in some aspects, but not all. Regarding this, the study provides valuable suggestions to be included in teacher development programs.

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