Objective: To identify the thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and its outcomes. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital/CMH Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir from 1st October 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: Seventeen hundred pregnant women in third trimester were screened. Out of them, 50 were identified to be suffering from thyroid dysfunction. The pregnant women in their third trimester and within the age group of 18-40 years were recruited. By using enzyme linked sorbent assay the serum levels of TSH, Free T3 and Free T4 were determined for each woman as a routine clinical health check-up practice. The women who had raised analytical levels as well as correlated clinical history were identified as suffering from thyroid dysfunction. These women were further followed for the outcomes of their pregnancy. Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 2.9%. There were 42% pregnant women suffering from subclinical hypothyroidism while 36% were having overt hypothyroidism and 12% had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: The major outcome of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy in terms of maternal and fetal outcomes was presence of anemia in women and was 4.89%. In women considering fetal outcomes, low birth weight was observed in 32% neonates with a need of neonatal intensive care for 42% of newborns were seen. Keywords: Thyroid dysfunction, Pregnancy, Outcome

Aim: To assess the diagnostic performance of ultrasound in predicting the extension of disease in advanced ovarian cancer. Study design: Prospective observational study. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Islam Teaching Hospital, Sialkot from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled and each patient underwent ultrasonography preoperatively and was assigned a six Fagotti-score. Surgical removal of ovarian mass was done through laparotomy. Midline incision was given. Peritoneal washings were taken for cytology. Omental biopsies were taken from various sites. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed with bilateral oophorectomy. The ultrasound results and intraoperative extent of the ovarian malignancy spread were compared. The Cohen’s Kappa results were interpreted. Results: The mean age was 51.5±5.2 years. The range of Cohens Kappa was 0.7 in cases of carcinomatosis presented on the smaller/larger bowel. The predictive agreement value between the ultrasound and surgical cases for Cohens Kappa was 0.75 and 0.73 with mean as 0.74. Conclusion: The ultrasonography can be used as an important tool in identifying the advancement extent of ovarian cancer. Keywords: Ovarian cancer, Ultrasound, Cohen’s Kappa