Contralateral visual field defect may be associated with autoenucleation. A visual field test is recommended in all cases with traumatic enucleation.

ABSTRACT:The experiment for evaluate the effect of drought and salinity stresses on the morphological behaviours of Afghan redbud seedlings was done in Torogh nursery in Iran country. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design; without stress (tap common water in the nursery-EC 0.8 dS m -1 ), drought stress (four days a time irrigation) and salt treatment (EC 12.03 dS m -1 ). During the summer, morphological traits were measured and calculated. Result showed that height seedling after 60th until 70th day significant at the (p<0.05) level and significantly at (p<0.01) levels at the end of growth period under the drought and salinity conditions. Leaf area at the end of growth, leaf area growth and leaf area reduced significantly at (p<0.01) in comparison with control treatment. The result indicated that effect of time × drought interaction for height, diameter, number of leaves and leaf area was not significant. The result indicated that effect of time × salinity interaction for height, diameter and number of leaves was not significant but for leaf area had significant difference at (p<0.05) level. We used four days a time by irrigation and saline water in nursery less than EC 12.03 dS m -1 for economy well water in arid and semi-arid region. Drought and salinity, the major abiotic stresses, are the main factors determining global vegetation distribution in the forestry and agricultural sector. Plants are often exposed to environmental stresses through a life cycle. Water stress caused by high salinity and drought is one of the serious factors to limit plant productivity (Ueda et al., 2007).Effects of salinity are more conspicuous in arid and semi-arid regions, which are characterized by limited rainfall, high evapotranspiration, and high temperature. Crucial changes in ion and water homeostasis caused by high concentrations of salts lead to damage at the molecular level, arrested growth, and even death. Salinity reductions can have particularly strong effects on distribution, behavior and survival in such environments (Tijen and Ismail, 2006).The impact of drought on the hydraulic traits of plants has drawn increasing attention. According to the cohesion-tension theory (Steudle, 2001), water moves through the xylem under tension (negative pressure) during transpiration. Therefore, rapid transpiration during the drought season increases the risk of xylem cavitations.Normally in several studies is proven to reduce the growth morphology of plants to drought and salinity stresses.Griffin (2002) studied the effect of heat and drought on photosynthesis and water relations of Cercis canadensis var. canadensis and C. canadensis var. mexicana. Both ecotypes proved to be extremely drought resistant. The rate of net photosynthesis decreased at a similar rate in both ecotypes but Mexican redbud maintained generally greater net photosynthetic rates than eastern redbud. Mexican redbud also maintained greater water use efficiency under increasing drought than C. canadensis var. canadensis. It had a high rate of ...