Bio jet fuel becomes one of the feasible solutions for jet fuel inadequate supply in Indonesia. However, study in this field by far has been limited. In this study, bio jet fuel was synthesized from Crude Palm Oil (CPO) by Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acid (HEFA) facilitated by Ni-Mo/SiO2 catalyst, in which the support was derived from rice husk ash. The study focused on investigating the influence of catalyst-CPO mass ratio and temperature of the catalytic process. Experimental works consisted of silica-based catalyst preparation via impregnation method, followed by sample assessments. Catalytic reactions were conducted at 20-50 bars, with temperature of reaction 300°C and 400°C. Catalyst performance were evaluated from crystallinity, composition, and activity in the reaction. Catalyst characterization shows an amorphous structured with high dispersion of Ni-Mo in rice husk ash have been produced. The HEFA process successfully obtained bio jet fuel (C10-C15 hydrocarbons) with yield and selectivity of 45.17% and 45.46%, respectively. Overall, a systematic approach shows rice husk ash has potential to be developed as a catalyst support for bio jet fuel production from crude palm oil.

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Hydrochar was produced from extracted avocado seed using one-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at a temperature of 200 °C for 12 h. The effects of various feedstock solutions on the specific surface area, morphology, pore characteristics, crystallinity, and chemical bonding were investigated to confirm the changes in the electrochemical performances of the produced hydrochar. The presence of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and ammonia (NH4OH) solution in the HTC process successfully produced a porous graphite-like structure of hydrochar with the highest surface area and specific capacitance. Moreover, it also exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR), with a current density of 2.15 mA/cm2 via the 2-electron pathway. These results imply that the HTC process can produce hydrochar with high electrocapacitive and electrocatalytic performances even without further activation at high temperatures.