In this study, the efficacy of four doses of clove oil and eugenol were compared to sedate fingerling Shabut Barbus grypus to various stages of sedation and recovery. The results from the present study indicated that effective concentrations were at 50 μL/L for eugenol (induction time: 58 ± 8 s; recovery time: 199 ± 15 s [mean ± SD]) and clove oil (induction time: 76 ± 6 s; recovery time: 161 ± 34 s). The induction times decreased significantly with the increasing concentrations of clove oil and eugenol, while recovery times increased with increasing concentrations of anesthetic (P < 0.05). Exposure of fish to 75 or 100 μL/L clove oil or to 50, 75, or 100 μL/L eugenol resulted in mean induction times ≤ 1 min. Fish did not become fully sedated within 3 min when treated with 25 μL/L clove oil. Other concentrations of both anesthetics, fish reached to full induction at ≤ 3 min and recovered from anesthesia ≤ 5 min. Our results showed the clove oil and eugenol are effective anesthetics for fingerling Shabut when used at concentrations of 50–100 μL/L.

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Summary Changes in fatty acid composition, cholesterol and fat‐soluble vitamins were studied during development (fertilized eggs, yolk‐sac larvae, and after yolk resorption of shabbout, Barbus grypus). Significant differences were found in the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA), ∑n‐3 and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratios between eggs and larvae (P < 0.05). Significant differences were also observed in the C14:0, C16:1n‐7, C18:1n‐9, C18:3n‐6, C20:0, C20:4n‐6, C24:0, C24:1, C22:6n‐3 fatty acids between eggs and larvae after yolk‐sac resorption (P < 0.05). Vitamin α‐ Tocopherol and retinol content increased during embryogenesis, but changes were insignificant in retinol acetate, δ‐Tocopherol, K1, K2 and cholesterol content between eggs and larvae after yolk resorption (P > 0.05).

The adsorption equilibrium of water vapor on different adsorbent materials has been studied. Small grains of commercial activated carbon and alumina, with a diameter of d g = 1.5 × 10 −3 m, were impregnated with a hygroscopic salt (calcium chloride) to improve the performance of these materials. The main characteristics of the new composite materials were obtained by adsorption/desorption of nitrogen at 77 K and salt distribution on the adsorbent surface was shown using scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms of water vapor were measured by a gravimetric system at 2 different temperatures in the case of alumina and impregnated alumina (303 K and 313 K) and 1 temperature (303 K) in the case of activated and impregnated carbon. The impregnated material samples presented the highest adsorption capacity on the entire pressure range. The experimental points obtained for the activated carbon and alumina and the impregnated alumina were fitted with the Dubinin-Astakhov equation while the Langmuir equation was used to fit the impregnated carbon data.

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