Objective: In this study, the antiarrhythmic and anti-ischemic effects of a 6 µg kg −1 min −1 infusion dose of remifentanil are investigated in a central sympathetic hyperactivity model in rabbits. Methods:In this study, 18 New Zealand rabbits were used. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups (n=6) and received 10 µmol L −1 glutamate intracerebroventricularly to provide the central sympathetic hyperactivity. In group 1, 10 µmol L −1 glutamate was used; in group 2, 1 h before L-glutamate injection, 40 mg kg −1 N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester was intravenously (iv) administered; and in group 3, also 1 h before L-glutamate injection, 40 mg kg −1 N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester was iv administered. A 6 µg kg −1 min −1 dose of remifentanil infusion was administered 5 min before L-glutamate injection. Heart rate, systolic arterial pressure and mean arterial pressure were measured and recorded. Within 15 min of the intracerebroventricular L-glutamate injection, premature ventricular complexes, bigeminy ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, ST-segment shift and T-wave inversions were recorded.Results: When incidences of heart rate, rate pressure product, premature ventricular complexes and bigeminy ventricular arrhythmia were compared between groups, significant differences were not determined. Mean arterial pressure was more significantly increased in group 2 than in the other groups (p<0.05). Ventricular tachycardia, ST-segment shift and T-wave inversions were significantly lower in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Conclusion:Remifentanil (6 µg kg −1 min −1 for 5 min of infusion) prevented life-threatening ventricular tachycardia and electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia in a model of arrhythmia resulting from the association of central sympathetic overactivity.