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Neumol Cir Torax. 2019; 78 (Supl 2): S164-S172 www.medigraphic.com/neumología Revisión Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax NCT Vol. 78 -Supl. 2 / 2019 dx.Trabajo recibido: 15-V-2015; aceptado: 26-V-2015. RESUMEN. La prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (PC6M) evalúa de forma integrada la respuesta de los sistemas respiratorio, cardiovascular, metabólico, músculo esquelético y neurosensorial al estrés impuesto por el ejercicio. La integración funcional se analiza mediante la distancia máxima que un individuo puede recorrer durante un período de seis minutos caminando tan rápido como le sea posible. La PC6M constituye una herramienta confiable en el diagnóstico, estadificación, pronóstico y seguimiento de individuos con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas. El presente documento unifica las recomendaciones internaciones del año 2002 y las del 2014 y aporta herramientas necesarias para estandarizar la PC6M. Palabras clave: Caminata de 6 minutos, estandarización, procedimiento, función pulmonar. ABSTRACT. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) comprehensively evaluates the respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal and sensorineural responses to exercise. Functional integration is analyzed by the maximum distance that an individual is able to walk, as fast as possible, during a period of six minutes. The 6MWT is a reliable tool for the diagnosis, staging, prognosis and follow-up of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. This document unifies the 2002 and 2014 international recommendations and provides information needed to standardize the 6 MWT. S166 www.medigraphic.org.mx Neumol Cir Torax. 2019; 78 (Supl 2): S164-S172 Gochicoa-Rangel L et al. Prueba de caminata de seis minutos www.medigraphic.org.mx Neumol Cir Torax. 2019; 78 (Supl 2): S164-S172 Gochicoa-Rangel L et al. Prueba de caminata de seis minutos El día de la prueba y a la llegada del paciente se deberá:

Neumol Cir Torax. 2019; 78 (Supl 2): S135-S141 www.medigraphic.com/neumología www.medigraphic.org.mx Revisión Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax NCT Vol. 78 -Supl. 2 / 2019 dx.doi.org/10.35366/NTS192FRESUMEN. La medición de las presiones inspiratoria (Pi max ) y espiratoria (Pe max ) máximas permite evaluar la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios. Son mediciones sencillas, rápidas y no invasivas. Consisten en que el paciente debe generar la máxima presión inspiratoria (a partir de volumen residual) y espiratoria (a partir de capacidad pulmonar total) contra un sistema ocluido. La Pi max evalúa principalmente la fuerza diafragmática; mientras que Pe max , la de los músculos intercostales y abdominales. Las presiones respiratorias máximas (PRM) resultan de gran utilidad clínica en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de enfermedades que afectan a los músculos respiratorios. Con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad y facilitar la realización de la medición de las PRM, revisamos las recomendaciones internacionales en materia de este procedimiento y emitimos lineamientos locales que contribuyen a un mejor proceso de estandarización.Palabras clave: Presión inspiratoria máxima, presión espiratoria máxima, función pulmonar, procedimiento, fuerza muscular, músculos respiratorios, diafragma.ABSTRACT. The measurement of maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures assess the strength of the respiratory muscles. These test are a simple, quick, and noninvasive. It consists that the patient must generate peak inspiratory (from residual volume) and expiratory pressure (from total lung capacity) against an occluded system. MIP assesses the diaphragmatic strength; while MEP assess the intercostal and abdominal muscles. Maximum respiratory pressures are of great clinical utility in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases affecting the respiratory muscles. In order to improve quality and facilitate the realization of the measurement of MIP-MEP, we review international recommendations on this procedure and issue local guidelines that contribute to a better standardization process.

Given the high prevalence of multiple non-communicable chronic diseases in Mexico, the aim of the present study was to assess the association between dietary patterns and sleep disorders in a national representative sample of 5076 Mexican adults (20–59 years) from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Through a cross-sectional study, we used the Berlin sleep symptoms questionnaire to estimate the proportion of adults with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and other related problems such as daytime symptoms and inadequate sleep duration. Dietary data were collected through a seven-day semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were determined through cluster analysis. Associations between dietary patterns and sleep disorders were assessed by multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, well-being, rural/urban area type, geographical region, tobacco use, physical activity level and energy intake. Three dietary patterns were identified: traditional (high in legumes and tortilla), industrialised (high in sugar-sweetened beverages, fast foods, and alcohol, coffee or tea) and mixed (high in meat, poultry, fruits and vegetables). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the industrialised pattern yielded higher odds for daytime symptoms (OR 1⋅49; 95 % CI 1⋅12, 1⋅99) and OSA (OR 1⋅63; 95 % CI 1⋅21, 2⋅19) compared with the traditional pattern. In conclusion, dietary patterns are associated with sleep disorders in Mexican adults. Further research is required to break the vicious cycle of poor-quality diet, sleep symptoms and health.