In the course of evolution, health is prioritized for human well-being and economies. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that modern life habits, including eating habits, and living and working conditions, can deteriorate health through circadian misalignment. This has been most commonly observed with urban societies and working classes of non-standard working schedules (NSWSs), such as shift work, night work, and overtime work. Poor health conditions with NSWSs generate economic burden for the modern society. Therefore, we attempt to provide a systematic approach to understanding the relations among the circadian clock, health, and economics. To understand these connections, we review the mechanisms of the human circadian clock and how modern living conditions can misalign the circadian system and associated health consequences. We also emphasize the importance of health for the modern economy and the economic costs of health disorders associated with circadian disruption and NSWSs.

A new consensus in macroeconomics called the New Neo-Classical Synthesis or New Keynesian Macroeconomic Model (NKMM) emerged at the end of the 1990s. The fundamental feature of this consensus is that it is formed by the synthesis of ideas from the New Classical, Real Business Cycle, and New Keynesian Models. The NKMM consists of an inflation equation, an aggregate demand equation, and a monetary policy rule. In this paper, the full information maximum likelihood (FIML) method is used to estimate the NKMM and determine whether it is useful in explaining the fluctuations in the Turkish economy. The first implications show that the NKMM can be used to explain the fluctuations in the Turkish economy. Key Words:The new keynesian macroeconomic model, taylor rule, monetary policy, full information maximum likelihood method.