Introduction: The thermoregulatory system plays an important role in coordinate the defense system against the environment in regulating the normal body temperature in homoeothermic species. Hypothermia result is an important complication-Shivering, which is a complicated response of the body resulting in a pattern of muscular activity. Aim: This study aims to compare the efficacy of I.v. hydrocortisone with I.v. low dose ketamine for prevention of shivering during spinal anesthesia. Material & Methods: A Prospective Randomized trial with a sample size of 60 where patients allocated randomly using slot into 2 groups of Group-H (n=30) who received Inj. Hydrocortisone 2mg/kg and Group K (n=30) who received Inj. Ketamine 0.25mg/kg undergoes lower abdominal surgery under spinal anesthesia with 0.5% Bupivacaine of dosage 3ml. Parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, temperature, were observed intraoperatively and postoperatively. The shivering grade, sedation score, patient requiring Inj. Pethidine as a rescue dose, motor, and sensory block was observed along with any side effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, or desaturation. Result: In this study, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the two drug groups in the grades of shivering. Clinically there were lower grades of shivering in the Hydrocortisone group when compared to the ketamine group at all timelines. Conclusion: I.v. hydrocortisone 2mg/kg compared with the low dose I.v. ketamine 0.25mg/kg was clinically effective in reducing the incidence and intensity of shivering under spinal anesthesia on prophylactic use for lower abdominal surgery.

Haemodynamic changes are inevitable while induction of general anesthesia with anaesthetic drugs. This present study records the haemodynamic changes that is caused by three different drugs (thiopental, propofol, and etomidate) used for induction of general anaesthesia. Methods: A Randomized and double-blinded study, 90 patients were assigned to one of the three groups (n=30 each). Propofol-2 mg kg-1 in Group, Thiopentone-5 mg kg-1 in Group 2 or Etomidate -0.3 mg kg-1 in Group 3. Heart rate (HR) Noninvasive measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), was performed on admittance, after giving fentanyl, immediately before the induction of anaesthesia,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10 mins thereafter intubation. Serum cortisol levels were measured at baseline, after intubation, 30 minutes after induction. Results: Following the administration of propofol (Group 1), a greater decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed when compared with that of etomidate (Group 3) or thiopentone (Group 2). Conclusion:In this study, It can be concluded that etomidate is safer than propofol and thiopental groups in terms of haemodynamic stability.

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