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Titanium oxide (TiO 2) is one of the most scrutinized material because of its in-built fundamental properties and has been developed as an outstanding photo-catalytic material intended for many different industrial applications. In order to further explore the properties of TiO 2 , we prepared Copper-loaded TiO 2 (Cu-TiO 2) nanoparticles (NPs) for inhibiting the growth of bacterial cells and also to serve as a chemical sensor. The physico-chemical characteristics of the synthesized Cu-TiO 2 NPs were characterized by many different techniques for the crystallinity, bonding and functionality, morphology, elemental composition, and absorption characteristics. From the results, we confirm for the formation of anatase phase of TiO 2 having a tetragonal crystal system, while the morphology studies indicated that the Cu dope TiO 2 has spherical morphology. The elemental analysis confirmed for the inclusion of Cu into TiO 2 crystal lattice and the absorption spectroscopic analysis helped for the bandgap calculation and visible light absorption property of Cu-TiO 2 NPs. The metal nanoclusters of Cu are observed to be deposited on different phases and sites of TiO 2 resulting in the inter-band transitions. Further, the sensitivity of Cu-TiO 2 as a chemical sensor is determined by fabricating the electrode at the FTO glass substrate where the ethanol sensitivity was found to be little increased/enhanced with Cu loading. Finally, the antibacterial activity of Cu-TiO 2 NPs was confirmed by ARTICLE HISTORY

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The present study deals with Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.), multiple potential herbs perceived as a medicinal and culinary adjunct has been used to fabricate gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) in an eco-benign fashion. We have primly reported the antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects of phytofabricated Au NPs towards lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) cells (A549 cell line) in vitro. The herbal concentrate, size and dosage of Au NPs were the key variables that determined the anticarcinogenic efficacy. Results indicated that the herbal concentrate encompassing flavonoids, alkaloids and polyphenolics aided reduction and stabilisation of Au NPs supported by spectral (k max @ 550 nm) and quantitative analyses. The Fourier transform-infrared spectra anticipated distinct phenolics and protein frequencies involved in Au NPs capping in the course of fabrication. The manipulated Au NPs of 15 nm size has significantly influenced the radical scavenging (48.1 lg) and proliferation pattern of LAC cells (A549) associated with cytotoxic characteristics and IC 50 (Au NPs concentration linked with 50% mortality) defined at 16.3 lg/mL in 48 h. This nanotoxicological prospect on the use of nanomaterials as an anticancer agent would be an alternative for the emerging intrinsic resistance of cells to the drug; a great challenge pertaining to safer environmental and biological outcomes.