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Pneumococcal diseases, including pneumonia with or without bacteremia, remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, especially among the elderly and those with certain medical conditions, including immunocompromising conditions all over the world. Two pneumococcal vaccines are currently licensed for adults in Turkey, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). PPSV23 has been available for many years for use in adults. A 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) included in the Expanded Programme on Immunization for use in infants and children in 2008, and thereafter PCV13 replaced PCV7 in 2011. Recently, the Ministry of Health of Turkey accepted risk groups for vaccine-preventable diseases, and implemented their immunization schedules in accordance with the decisions of Immunization Advisory Committee, including adult pneumococcal vaccination greatly compatible with those of updated U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations such as PCV13 for selected high-risk adults and for all adults ≥65 years of age. Furthermore, surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease has already been included as part of the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Invasive Bacterial Diseases announced that would be started soon in Turkey. In this consensus report prepared by Study Group for Adult Immunization of the Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, relevant literature ÖzetPnömokok hastalıkları, bakteriyemik olan ya da olmayan pnömoni başta olmak üzere, özellikle yaşlılarda ve immün sistemi zayıfla-tan durumlar gibi birtakım sağlık sorunları olan erişkinlerde, tüm dünyada önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olmaya devam etmektedir. Ülkemizde 13 valan konjuge pnömokok aşısı (KPA13) ve 23 valan polisakarid pnömokok aşısı (PPA23) olmak üzere eriş-kinler için ruhsatlandırılmış iki aşı vardır. PPA23 erişkinlerde yıl-lardır kullanılmaktadır. 2008'de 7 valan konjuge pnömokok aşısı (KPA7) çocuklarda kullanılmak üzere Genişletilmiş Bağışıklama Programı'na alınmıştır; daha sonra 2011'de KPA7 yerini KPA13'e bırakmıştır. Yakınlarda Sağlık Bakanlığı'nca, Bağışıklama Danışma Kurulu kararları doğrultusunda, aşıyla önlenebilir hastalıklar açı-sından risk grupları kabul edilmiş ve bunlara uygulanması gereken, aralarında erişkinlerde pnömokok aşılamasının da bulunduğu aşı şemaları yürürlüğe konulmuştur. Bu şemalar, pnömokok aşıları yö-nünden, KPA13'ün hem yüksek risk altındaki erişkinlere hem de ≥65 yaşındaki tüm erişkinlere uygulanması gibi ABD'deki güncel Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) önerileriy-le büyük ölçüde örtüşmektedir. Ayrıca, yakınlarda yayımlanan bir genelgeyle ülkemizde de başlatılacağı açıklanan invazif pnömokok hastalıkları sürveyansı, Aşıyla Önlenebilir İnvazif Bakteriyel Hastalıkların Sürveyansı programının kapsamına alınmıştır. Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları Derneği Erişkin Bağışıkla-ması Çalışma Grubu'nca hazırlanan bu uzlaşı raporun...

It is believed that viral infections and the hyperimmune reaction due to these infections are involved in the etiology of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (KFD), a rare cause of fever of unknown origin. Axillary lymphadenopathy and neurologic involvement are rare in KFD. We present a patient diagnosed with KFD histopathologically during an investigation of the origin of fever and axillary lymphadenopathy. Subsequently, incidental sinus aspergilloma was diagnosed radiologically in the patient and acute disseminated encephalitis developed during follow-up. This report aims to draw attention to the co-existence of KFD and Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, two diseases of which the origins are not clear.Key words: fever of unknown origin (FUO), Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Summary Objective:  Tigecycline, a new glycylcycline antimicrobial agent, is indicated for the treatment of complicated skin structure infection (cSSTI), intra‐abdominal infection (cIAI) and community acquired pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and microbiological data together about tigecycline therapy. Methods:  Patients with cIAIs and cSSTIs were included in a prospective, observational follow‐up. Patient follow‐up forms were developed and clinical and microbiological data were recorded. Results:  Of the 107 patients, 67 had cSSTIs, 40 had cIAIs. Tigecycline was used empirically in 37.5% of cIAIs and in 50.7% of cSSTIs. In 85.0% of the patients with cIAI and in 73.1% of the patients with cSSTI, clinical and/or microbiological response could be achieved. A drug change was made in 26.9% and 7.5% of the patients with cSSTI and cIAI respectively. Superinfection was detected in 14.9% of the cSSTI and 7.5% of the cIAI patients. Conclusion:  As a result, tigecycline can be safely used in the treatment of different infections. Compared with cSSTIs, the treatment response is better and the duration of treatment is shorter in cIAIs. However, MIC value must be determined at any rate if tigecycline is to be used in the treatment of Acinetobacter (MDR Acinetobacter, in particular) infections. Clinical cure and microbiological eradication rate of tigecycline therapy changes according to different clinical diagnosis and microorganism.