This study will shed light on nursing care of skin for newborns who are treated in neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: The use of heated and humidified gas during mechanical ventilation is routine care in neonatal intensive care units. Giving gas at inadequate heat and humidity levels can affect neonatal morbidity and mortality. Purpose: To compare the effects of 2 humidifier temperature settings on the temperature and humidity of the inspired gas and the physiologic parameters in preterm newborns receiving mechanical ventilation. Methods: The research was conducted in a single-group quasi-experimental design. Proximal temperature was measured using a humidity heat transmitter. The humidifier temperature was set at 38°C (temperature I) and then at 39°C (temperature II). Results: The mean proximal temperatures were significantly lower than the values set in the humidifier (33.8 ± 1.20°C at temperature I, and 34.06 ± 1.30°C at temperature II, P < .001). However, the difference between the 2 proximal temperatures was not significant (P = .162). The incubator temperature was found to be effective on the proximal gas temperature (P < .05). It was found that only preterm infants in the temperature II group had a higher mean heart rate (P < .05). Implications for Practice: Incubator temperatures may have an effect on inspired gas temperature in preterm infants who are mechanically ventilated and caregivers should be aware of these potentially negative effects. Implications for Research: Future studies should focus on how to measure the temperature and humidity of gas reaching infants in order to prevent heat and humidity losses.

Introduction There is limited information about problems of feedback inhibition of lactation which should be considered as a rare cause of breast engorgement. We report the management of excessive breast engorgement in a mother with a presumptive diagnosis of a defect in the feedback inhibition of lactation. Main issue The participant, who had been discharged on postpartum Day 2 while breastfeeding her infant, was readmitted to the hospital the next day with engorgement of the breasts and cessation of milk flow. Pumping and application of cold dressings alone did not work effectively. The severity of the symptoms decreased only after the addition of an anti-inflammatory drug and a prolactin inhibitor. Management The participant received breastfeeding counseling, family-centered care, and support for pumping equipment. An anti-inflammatory drug was started and a low dose prolactin inhibitor was given. The difficulty was the management of extensive and painful breast engorgement and the re-establishment of milk flow. At postpartum Day 14, the participant and her infant were discharged with effective breastfeeding status. Conclusions The recognition of a problem in the feedback inhibition of lactation as a cause of breast engorgement is important because it may be unresponsive to classical treatment methods resulting in cessation of milk flow. With the cautious use of low-dose cabergoline, in addition to other treatment strategies, milk flow can be reduced in a controlled manner while ensuring the continuity of milk production. An early diagnosis, interdisciplinary approach, and a close follow-up of the mother–infant pair are essential for preserving lactation.

Introduction: Anxiety and stress in parents’ lives during their babies' NICU stays can have a negative impact on all family members. This study aimed to measure the stress and anxiety levels of parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit receiving oxygen support. Methods: This study was conducted based on cross-sectional design with 123 parents of infants between 1 August 2020 and 01 May 2021. Data was gathered using the "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)", "Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU)", and "Parent Information Form and Infant Information Form". Results: The STAI scores of the parents were considered "moderately anxious" and the parents were "moderately stressed" based on the overall mean scores on the PSS: NICU and the mean scores on the subscales of the scale. It was found that parents’ number of children, employment, infant gender, type of delivery, intensive care environment characteristics, parents' communication with health personnel, and health condition all influenced their scores on the STAI and PSS: NICU subscales. Conclusion: Providing a holistic and family-centred approach to parents, the closest relatives of their infants who will create future generations as well as educational and counselling roles played by nurses and reducing stress and anxiety experienced by parents, will have a positive impact on neonatal health.