This article proposes a novel design methodology for hybrid isolated microgrids, integrating electric vehicles (EV) as additional loads and also as additional storage systems in the microgrid design stage. The proposed method highlights the application of electric vehicles in rural environments. Two types of electric vehicles were considered: (1) EV that only operate in charging mode; and (2) EV that can interchange power with the microgrid (V2G). For both EV types, a dispatch strategy was developed to optimize the use of the system resources during the charging process. As an application example of the proposed design methodology, a hybrid microgrid was designed for the rural Colombian village of Unguía. The results show the advantages of the inclusion of EV as ancillary services providers for the system and also as public transportation agents.
<pre>The increasing use of renewable technologies such as wind turbines in power systems may require the contribution of these new sources into grid ancillary services, such as Load Frequency Control. Hence, this work dealt with the performance comparison of two traditional control structures, PI and <span>LQR</span>, for secondary regulation of Load Frequency Control with the participation of variable-speed wind turbines. For this purpose, the doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine was modeled with additional control loops for emulation of the inertial response of conventional machines for frequency regulation tasks. Performance of proposed strategies was verified through simulation in a benchmark adapted from the <span>WSCC</span> 3 machines 9-bus test system. Results showed overall superior performance for <span>LQR</span> controller, although requiring more strenuous control effort from conventional units than PI control.</pre>
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