В статье основное внимание уделено разработке методического инструментария оценки общественного здоровья и уровня развития здравоохранения в регионах России. Новизна подхода заключается в исследовании общественного здоровья как экономической категории, отражающей как затраты экономических ресурсов страны, направляемых на охрану здоровья населения, так и результативность государственной политики государства, направленной на охрану здоровья населения. Разработан методический инструментарий многокритериальной оценки общественного здоровья и уровня развития здравоохранения в регионах России на основе интегральных индикаторов результативности и ресурсной обеспеченности системы здравоохранения. Для формирования интегральных индикаторов использованы сопоставимые по регионам России статистические данные, отражающие обеспеченность населения услугами врачей, средним медицинским персоналом, больничными койко-местами, ожидаемую продолжительность здоровой жизни, суммарный коэффициент рождаемости, коэффициент младенческой смертности, коэффициент смертности населения трудоспособного возраста. Проведена дифференциация регионов России по интегральным индикаторам результативности и ресурсной обеспеченности системы здравоохранения. Определены основные проблемы функционирования системы здравоохранения на территориях регионов России. Обоснованы предложения по совершенствованию подготовки медицинских кадров, повышению доступности первичной медицинской помощи, уровня оснащенности современным медицинским оборудованием медицинских учреждений, обеспечению информированности местного населения о здоровом образе жизни.

This paper discusses the opportunities offered by public–private partnerships in developing ecotourism infrastructure in protected areas. The paper also addresses the issues contributing to threats and conflicts while implementing infrastructure projects. In order to fulfil research objectives, the authors employ a sociological instrument. Using a snowball method, the authors selected 34 experts with professional competencies in tourism development, natural resource management, protected area management, and public-private partnerships. The results of this study demonstrate a potential demand for the mechanisms of public-private partnerships when developing ecotourism infrastructure. Using the case study of Tunkinsky National Park, the authors identified potential threats and conflicts in the process of preparation and delivery of public-private partnership projects for ecotourism infrastructure development.

In this article, we propose a new approach to the development of measures to reduce the negative impact of pollutant emissions from stationary sources. For the first time, a systematic approach was applied to the development of measures to reduce the negative impact of emissions into the atmosphere for a large city in the Baikal Natural Territory (a case study of Ulan-Ude). The use of a systematic approach helped us to achieve the following outcomes: to develop a geographic information system with sources of emissions into the air of Ulan-Ude (GIS “Air of Ulan-Ude”); to identify natural factors of atmospheric air pollution in Ulan-Ude; to develop registers of stationary sources of emissions; to assess the impact of air pollution on public health; to carry out a sociological survey using questionnaires; to propose suitable technical solutions to reduce the emissions. The research methodology involved the concept of sustainable development, in terms of preserving living conditions for future generations of mankind. The institutional approach was also used to study the environmental situation from the perspective of the interaction of social institutions. A sociological study of private households in the context of financial and environmental aspects of heat supply for different types of heating systems led us to the conclusion that the problem of pollutant emissions by households is related to the standard of living and the availability of green fuel. The following measures were proposed to improve the quality of atmospheric air. The functional zoning of residential areas for industrial and housing development should take into account climatic, natural, and technogenic factors affecting the redistribution of pollutants in the surface layer of the atmosphere. The authorities should assist in connecting residential buildings to central heating. State support for the transition to clean fuels (gas, electricity, smokeless fuel, etc.) through subsidies, partial compensations, and other incentive programs. State support for the development of small-scale power generation and alternative energy; raising public awareness of the need to reduce emissions into the atmosphere.

A typology of territories by the accessibility of social services based on the assessment of social capacity is presented. Methods of comparative analysis, as well as economic and statistical methods, are used. A methodology is developed to assess social capacity, using open statistical indicators. Territories of national, subnational, regional, and local levels are identified. The developed methodological tools for assessing the social capacity of territories allow developing a typology of territories at the regional and local levels by the accessibility of social services. The method of assessing social capacity allows assessing the infrastructure development of the territory for developing strategies for the spatial development of territories. The methodology for assessing social capacity is based on the calculation of total indices of accessibility of social services. The indicators of social development of the reference territory with the maximum values are used as the maximum parameters for calculating the social capacity of territories. The differentiation of social development indicators of reference territories by countries, due to differences in standards for providing social services, is revealed.

Subject. The article considers methodological approaches to the definition of the concept and assessment of indirect economic damage from changes in the level of Lake Baikal. Objectives. The aim is to analyze the adequacy and practical suitability of methodology for assessing the probabilistic damage from harmful effects of water and the effectiveness of preventive water management measures, developed by the All-Russian Research Institute of Economy and Exploration of Mineral Resources (VIEMS). Methods. On the basis of comparative analysis of results obtained under the direct counting method and those under the VIEMS methodology, we underpinned the adequacy of the latter. Results. We used the case of Nizhneangarsk settlement to make estimates of indirect economic damage under the method of direct counting and the VIEMS methodology. The results are comparable, and this enables to speak about the adequacy of the VIEMS methodology . Conclusions. The comparative analysis demonstrates the reliability of results of assessing the indirect economic damage, obtained using the VIEMS methodology. Significant labour intensity, complexity, and often impossibility of estimation by the direct counting method make it possible to substantiate the feasibility of practical application of the VIEMS methodology for assessing indirect economic damage from the negative impact of waters.