Background Preconception care refers to things women can do before and between pregnancies to increase the chance of having a healthy baby and being a healthy mother. Unfortunately, millions of women in the world do not have access to pre-pregnancy, pregnancy health services and childbirth with suitable quality. Therefore, addressing this significant gap and coming up with the necessary information is helpful to improve maternal and child health in our country. So, this study was aimed to assess the utilization of preconception care and associated factors among reproductive age group women in Debre Birhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia. Methods A mixed method of community based cross-sectional study was employed from March 1st to 30; 2017. Systematic sampling technique was used to select a total of 424 reproductive age women. The data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire and eight in-depth interviews were done using an interview guide. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi data 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for cleaning and analysis. Logistic regression was run to look for the association between dependent and explanatory variables; and using variables which have p -value ≤0.25 binary logistic regression was fitted. Association presented in Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and significance determined at P -value less than 0.05. Result A total of 410 subjects were participated with a response rate of 96.7%. The overall utilization of Preconception care was 13.4%. Woman’s age, marital status, knowledge and availability of unit for preconception care were significantly associated with utilization of preconception care with (AOR: 3.567; 95% CI: 1.082, 11.758), (AOR: 0.062; 95% CI: 0.007, 0.585), (AOR = 6.263; 95% CI: 2.855, 13.739) and AOR: 13.938; 95% CI: 3.516, 55.251) respectively. Conclusions The finding of this study showed that women’s utilization of preconception care is relatively low. A woman’s age, marital status, educational status, knowledge about preconception care services and availability of unit for preconception care were factors affecting utilization of preconception care. Therefore, establishing preconception care strategies which can address all the components of the care will be essential when designing effective implementation strategies for improving the uptake of preconception care.

Background Sexual and reproductive health and right of adolescents is a global priority as the reproductive choices made by them have a massive impact on their health, wellbeing, education, and economy. Teenage pregnancy is a public health issue and a demographic challenge in Ethiopia. Increasing access to contraceptive services for sexually active adolescents will prevent pregnancies and related complications. However, little is known about the trends in contraceptive use and its determinants among adolescent girls in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the trends and factors associated with contraceptive use among sexually active girls aged 15–19 years in Ethiopia by using Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. Methods Four Ethiopian demographic and health survey data were used to examine trends of contraceptive methods use. To identify factors associated with contraceptive use, the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data were used. The data was downloaded from the demographic and health survey program database and extracted for sexually active adolescent girls. Data were weighted for analysis and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the independent variables of the study. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with contraceptive use and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were presented for significant variables. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with contraceptive use. Results Contraceptive method use had increased significantly from 6.9% in 2000 to 39.6% in 2016 among sexually active adolescent girls in Ethiopia. The odds of contraceptive use were lower among female adolescents who had no formal education (AOR 0.044; 95% CI 0.008–0.231) and attended primary education (AOR 0.101; 95% CI 0.024–0.414). But the odds were higher among adolescents from a wealthy background (AOR 3.662; 95% CI 1.353–9.913) and those who have visited health facilities and were informed about family planning (AOR 3.115; 95% CI 1.385–7.007). Conclusion There is an increment in the trend of contraceptive use among sexually active female adolescents in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2016. Significant variations in the use of modern contraception by wealth status, educational level and visited a health facility, and being informed about family planning were observed. Improving the economic and educational status of young women, and provision of information may help in improving contraceptive use in Ethiopia.

Background: Nursing care play essential role in determining quality health care services and patient outcomes. Missed nursing care (MNC) is any required patient care omitted in part or in whole, or significantly delayed by nurses. There is paucity of studies addressing Missed nursing care in hospital setting in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to identify amount, type and distribution of missed nursing care across public hospital in southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study using quantitative methods was conducted in eight public hospitals found in south west Ethiopia from March to April, 2018 using a modified miss care survey tool. All nurses working in inpatient units (422) were requested to participate and 386 of them respond to questioner, yield response rate of (91.4%). Descriptive statistics was performed for socio-demographic and work related characteristics. Multivariable linear regression was conducted using SPSS version 20 to identify the potential predictors of missed nursing care.Result: The average score for missed nursing care was 63.24 out of 120 (95 % CI 62.2–64.3) and the average emerged for each nursing intervention was 2.6 out of 5 (95 % CI 2.59–2.68). From the items of nursing interventions assessed, 289(74%) of nursing staff reported ambulation of patient of as the most frequently MNC, while only 134(34.7%) of nursing staff reported wound care procedure was frequently missed. Basic care intervention dimension was found to be the most frequently missed dimension with mean score of (2.86B0.5) and individual need care intervention dimension lowest mean score (2.41a0.4).Female in gender (β = -1.828, p < 0.001), working in tertiary hospital (β = -3.576, p = 0.001) and increased satisfaction to the level of team work (β = -2.635, p = 0.001) showed significant and protective factor for missed nursing care. Whereas absent from work (β = 10.337, p < 0.001) and increased patient load (β = .253, p = 0.003) found to be contributing factor for the overall MNC.Conclusion and recommendation: Essential Nursing cares are being missed frequently by significant proportion of nurses. This indicates the need to collaborative effort to reduce occurrence of MNC and improve quality nursing care.

Background Age difference among spouses can be considered as an indicator of the nature of the marital bond, and influences the couple’s fertility expectations. The age difference is one of the features of the traditional African marriage system. However, the likelihood that women use of contraceptives and spousal age differences is not well studied. Thus, this study was to examine the spousal age difference on contraceptive use. Objective This study was aimed to examine spousal age differences and its effect on contraceptive use among sexually active couples in Ethiopia. Methods The related variables for this study were extracted from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. IBM SPSS statistics version 20 software was used for analysis. Logistic regression was conducted to see the association between spousal age difference and contraceptive use. All analyses were adjusted for sample weights. Results Out of the 7268 selected women for contraceptive usage questions, one fourth (25.3%) of them were between ages 25 and 29 and in almost all 7061 (98.4%) of them there was spousal age differences, 1555 (21.4%) of them were from poor socioeconomic group. Nearly all 7184 (98.8%) of them knew contraceptive method. However, among those sexually active in the last 4 weeks only two in five (41.2%) were using a contraceptive method. Spousal age difference was found to be significant factor and women older than their spouses were (AOR: 1.771, 95%CI: 1.276, 2.459) more likely and women having spouse’s age difference greater than 10 years were 1.2% (AOR: .988, 95%CI: .848, 1.150) less likely to use contraception compared to those age difference is ten or less than years respectively. Also, women who were living in urban areas (AOR: 1.482, 95%CI: 1.161 to 1.890), current working status (AOR: 1.170; 95%CI: 1.033 to 1.325), from richest economic category (AOR: 2.560; 95%CI: 2.000 to 3.278) husband’s education, couples’ fertility preference (AOR: 1.233; 95%CI: 1.070 to 1.420) were contraception use predictors. Similarly, being Muslim by religion (AOR: .579 95%CI: 0.496 to 0.675) and husband based decision for their health care use were (AOR: .847, CI: .729 to .985) less likely to use contraception. Conclusion and recommendation This study found association between spousal age differences and contraceptive use. Similarly, women’s age, age difference, place of residence, religion, current working status, socioeconomic, husband’s education, living children and current pregnancy, the couples’ fertility preference and who decides on health care use were found to be predictors of contraceptive use. Strengthening strategies for improving women’s educational status, socio-economic and demographic that will help to limit the age differences and improve contraceptive use. Further study, including qualitative is recommended to dig out the why components and better understand this finding.

Background: Utilization of health services is affected by a multitude of factors including not only availability, distance, cost, and quality of services, but also by socioeconomic factors and personal health beliefs. Majority of deaths from obstetric complications are preventable and the fact that every pregnancy faces risk which may not always be detected through the risk assessment approach during Antenatal care, to assure safe and successful delivery outcomes remains to be ensuring skilled personnel attendance of every child birth. The objectives of this study isto assess factors affecting institutional delivery practice among pregnant women Jimma zone. Method: Cross sectional prospective study with quantitative methods of data collection was employed from February to March 2014. A total of 281pregnant women selected by systematic sampling method and data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Result: Out of 281 questionnaires, 277 were included in the analysis and making a response rate 98.6%. Of this 228(82.31%) had Antenatal follow up , 96.03% and 98.56% them had positive attitude towards institutional delivery practice and know safe delivery practice respectively.There was a significant association between age group, level of education, religion, Antenatal follow up, parity (p-value <0.05). Conclusion and recommendation: The choice of institutional delivery practice was 64.62%. The factors affected mothers' choice of place of delivery includes mother's level of education, total number of deliveries in a life time; religion and ethnicity were found to be predictive for choice of place of delivery. Therefore, responsible bodies should make efforts to increase community based health education, awareness creation and information regarding importance of institutional delivery.