BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has affected many countries in the world and has been known as one of the fast-spreading viruses in recent history. OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to reveal the level of anxiety and burnout, attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors of healthcare professionals about COVID-19 in Turkey. METHODS: The individuals included in the study answered seven questions containing demographic information, 27 questions determining their views and perspectives on COVID-19. Anxiety level was measured by Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI), and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI); burnout was measured by Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). RESULTS: We included 66 health staff (50 female, 16 male) whose mean age was 31.71±5.18 years (22–46 ranged). Twenty-two (33.3%) of the participants worked on the COVID-19 frontline while 44 (66.6%) of them worked on usual wards. We found that participants’ anxiety was at a moderate level in BAI (mean: 14.00±12.66). The mean of the SAI was 49.93±13.06. MBI subscales were low. We found that there was a significant difference in BAI between COVID-19 frontline healthcare professionals and those who worked on the usual wards (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider the level of anxiety and burnout in all healthcare professionals and to help them to protect their mental health.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of minocycline on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. The study was carried out on 24 male Wistar albino rats, weighing 200-250 g, which were divided into three groups: (i) control (n = 8), (ii) I/R (n = 8) and (iii) I/R + minocycline (n = 8). Minocycline was administrated at a dose of 90 mg/kg p.o. to the I/R group 48, 24 and 1 h before ischemia. Following bilateral exposure of the common carotid arteries by anterior cervical dissection and separation of the vagus nerve, I/R injury was performed by occlusion. Following reperfusion, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels in the blood and brain tissue, and creatine kinase (CK), CK-BB, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and protein S100β levels in the blood were measured and the histopathological changes were monitored. Regarding histopathological evaluation, symptoms of degeneration were significantly improved in the I/R + minocycline group compared to the I/R-only group. Statistical analysis of the biochemical parameters revealed significant differences in MDA (p < 0.001), nitric oxide (p < 0.05), CK (p < 0.05) and CK-MB (p < 0.05) levels between the I/R + minocycline group and the I/R group. According to the literature, the effect of minocycline is firstly assessed by LDH, CK-MB, NSE and S-100β analysis in addition to antioxidant status and histopathological analysis.

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The auditory brainstem response (ABR) test has been widely used in childhood. Although it is a painless procedure, sedation can be needed in pediatric patients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate safety and complications of sedation anesthesia applied in pediatric patients during ABR testing. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Medical records of 75 children who underwent ABR testing between 2018 and 2020 were evaluated retrospectively in terms of applicability, safety, and complications of sedation anesthesia. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The ages ranged from 3 to 9 (mean 6.2) years. Comorbidity was detected in 20% (<i>n</i> = 15); 3 had multiple comorbidities, and the most common comorbidity was Down syndrome (4%). The drugs used in sedation anesthesia were midazolam in 81.3% (<i>n</i> = 61), a combination of propofol and ketamine in 14.7% (<i>n</i> = 11), and only propofol in 4% (<i>n</i> = 3) of the patients. An additional drug use was needed in 44% (<i>n</i> = 33). The mean procedure time was 40 (range 30–55) min. The mean anesthesia duration was 45 (range 35–60) min. The mean recovery time was 10 (range 5–15) min. Complications related to anesthesia developed in 4 (5.33%) of the patients; respiratory distress, agitation, cough, and nausea-vomiting were seen in one of the patients, respectively. Complications like bradycardia and respiratory or cardiac arrest were not seen at all. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The complication rate of sedation anesthesia performed during ABR testing of pediatric patients is quite low. It may be more beneficial to use combinations of sedation drugs instead of using a single sedation drug. Although sedation anesthesia appears to be safe in general, the potentially life-threatening complications of sedative agents should be remembered, especially in children who have comorbidities.

Negatif basınçlı pulmoner ödem (NBPÖ) genel anestezi sonrasında erken postoperatif dönemde laringospazma bağlı olarak gelişebilen, hayatı tehdit eden ve nadir gözlenen nonkardiyojenik bir pulmoner ödem sebebidir. Otuz üç yaşında erkek ve kırk üç yaşında kadın hastaya genel anestezi altında apendektomi ve kolesistektomi operasyonu uygulandı. Entübasyon ve operasyon süresince hemodinamik ve solunumsal sıkıntı yaşanmadı. Birinci olguda ekstubasyon sonrasında birkaç dakika içerisinde ciddi laringospazm ve şiddetli inspiratuvar efor sonrası satürasyonunda düşme saptandı. İkinci olguda ise operasyondan 45dk sonra nefes darlığı ve satürasyonda düşme saptandı. Her iki olgunun da fiziki muayenesinde bilateral orta ve alt zonda ralleri mevcuttu. Postoperatif çekilen akciğer ve toraks tomografilerinde akciğer ödemi ile uyumlu bulgular saptandı. Postoperatif ekokardiyografik bulguları normaldi. Her iki olguya da beta-2 agonist, inhale steroid, oksijen ve diüretik tedavisi verildi. Postoperatif erken dönemde satüras-yon düşüklüğü olan hastalarda ayırıcı tanıda negatif basınçlı pulmoner ödem de akılda tutulmalıdır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Negatif basınçlı pulmoner ödem, anestezi, nonkardiyojenik ödem.Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a life threatening rare cause of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that can occur due to laryngospasm in the early postoperative period after general anesthesia. A 33-year-old male and a 43-year-old female appendectomy and cholecystectomy were performed under general anesthesia. Hemodynamic and respiratory distress were not experienced during intubation and operation. Serious laryngospasm and a reduction in saturation after severe inspiratory effort were detected in the first patient within a few minutes after extubation. Dyspnea and a reduction in saturation were established after 45 minutes of the operation in the second patient. Patients had bilateral middle and lower zone crackles upon physical the examination. Postoperative chest and thorax tomography revealed findings consistent with pulmonary edema. Postoperative echocardiographic findings were normal. Beta-2 agonists, inhaled steroids, oxygen, and diuretic therapy were administered to patients. NPPE should also be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis in patients with low saturation in the early postoperative period.

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