ABSTRACT:Retinopathy of prematurity is a disease of the eye that generally affects premature babies receiving intensive neonatal care. Development of ROP is contributed by both oxygen toxicity and relative hypoxia. The primary Aim of the study to find out the incidence of ROP among preterm infants admitted in MGM Govt. Hospital, Trichy from August 2014 to December 2014. The study also evaluates the various risk factors for development of ROP and the association between the two. All preterm babies less than 36 weeks are included in the study. Totally 150 preterm babies where studied. Of this 150 babies 48 babies where diagnose with the ROP, incidence was 32%. Among the fetal risk factors RDS in 113 babies (75.33%), phototherapy in 86 babies (57.3%), Oxygen administration in 66 babies (44%), Sepsis in 49 babies (32.6%), blood transfusion in 22 babies (14.6%) screened for ROP. Among maternal risk factors, pregnancy induced hypertension in 32 (21.3%), Gestational diabetic in 14(9.3%) mothers of screened babies. In conclusion, timely screening and early management is a key to the management of ROP. KEYWORDS: A Study of Incidence and risk factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm infants.