Aims: Nusinersen is administered intrathecally for treating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Procedural sedation is common with intrathecal treatment in children. This retrospective study presents our experience with procedural sedation during the intrathecal treatment of pediatric patients with SMA I, II, and III. Methods: Data were collected the from the anesthesia charts and electronic medical records of 14 pediatric patients with SMA types I, II, and III who underwent procedural sedation for repeated intrathecal treatments for SMA. Intravenous induction was performed, and patients were oxygenated with a face mask or nasal cannula while spontaneous breathing continued. Results: Fourteen patients were included in the study: one SMA I, eight SMA II, and five SMA III. They underwent 88 intrathecal nusinersen injections totally. In the one SMA I patient, of eight months, the procedure was performed under local anesthesia. In all other patients, the treatments were performed under procedural sedation. Different combinations of midazolam, ketamine, propofol, fentanyl, and remifentanil were used. The mean doses of the agents used were 0.03 mg/kg, 0.97 mg/kg, 2.71 mg/kg, 0.84 mcg/kg and 0.5 mcg/kg respectively. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Conclusion: We found the procedural sedation to be sufficient, effective, and safe in SMA II and III pediatric patients who underwent nusinersen treatment intrathecally, provided anesthetic agents are titrated.and administered carefully.
Sakrokoksigeal teratomlar embriyojenik germ hücre katmanlarından köken alan, yenidoğanın en sık görülen tümörüdür. Genellikle iyi huylu olan tümör solid ve kistik yapıya ek olarak vaskülarizasyondaki artış nedeniyle kanamaya eğilimli olabilir. Bu olguların kanama riski, hemodinamik instabilite, elektrolit imbalansı, hipotermi, asidoz riski nedeniyle anestezi yönetimi özelliklidir. Gelişen komplikasyonlar perioperatif ciddi morbidite ve mortaliteye sebep olabilir. Bu olgu sunumunda postnatal 3. gününde opere edilen, 29 hafta 6 günlük, 2190 gr ağırlığında sakrokoksigeal teratomla uyumlu kitlesi olan kız hastanın anestezi yönetimindeki önemli adımlar vurgulanmıştır. Preoperatif hazırlık, invaziv arter monitorizasyonu, kan, sıvı ve elektrolit replasmanının yakın takibinin önemi literatür eşliğinde sunulmuştur.
Aim: Insufficient depth of anesthesia is one of the important causes of laryngospasm in pediatric patients undergoing surgery. Propofol is a widely used anesthetic agent for induction of anesthesia in children. Its use alone in induction may be insufficient to suppress laryngeal reflexes during laryngeal mask insertion and may lead to complications such as cough, hiccups, and laryngospasm. In this study, the effects of fentanyl-ketamine mixture and remifentanil used as co-induction in anesthesia induction in children on I-gel insertion conditions and hemodynamic stability were compared. In addition, the evaluation of propofol injection pain after the use of coinduction agent was made. Material and Method: The study included 60 patients aged 2-10 years, of ASA I-III class, who underwent ambulatory surgery. For anesthesia induction, the KF group (n:30) were administered intravenous (iv) 1 mcg/kg fentanyl + 0.5 mg/kg ketamine followed by 3 mg/kg propofol, and the R group (n:30) were administered iv 0.5 mcg/kg remifentanil followed by 3 mg propofol. The I-gel insertion conditions were evaluated by scoring the six variables of mouth opening, ease of insertion, swallowing, coughing, movement, and laryngospasm. Pain during propofol injection was graded using a four-point scale. Results: No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of I-gel insertion conditions total score values (p>0.05). The pain of the propofol injection was determined at a significantly higher level in Group R (p
infarktüsler bu organları etkilemektedir. Hiperlökositoz, ağır metabolik bozukluklar (hiperürisemi, hiperkalemi, hiperfosfatemi) ya da oluşan lökostaz nedeniyle solunum yetersizliği veya kafa içi dolaşım bozukluğuna neden olabilir (2). Bu hastalarda öneri-len standart yaklaşım yeterli hidrasyon, idrarın alkalinizasyonu, ürik asit üretiminin kontrolü, sıvı ve elektrolit imbalansının dü-zeltilmesi, masif transfüzyondan kaçınılması ve kemoterapötik ajanların dikkatli kullanımıdır (3). Kısa sürede lökosit sayısını hızlı GiriŞHiperlökositoz, periferik kanda lökosit sayısının 100.000/µL'in üzerinde olması ile karakterizedir. Çocukluk çağı lösemilerinin %5-20'sinde görülüp, prognozu kötü etkileyen bir risk faktörü-dür (1). Dolaşımda yüksek sayıda bulunan lösemik blastlar kan vizkozitesini artırarak pulmoner, renal ve serebral lökostaza neden olmaktadır. Hiperviskoziteye ikincil olarak gelişen iskemik ÖzETHiperlölositoz, çocukluk çağı lösemilerinin %5-20'sinde görülen, prognozu kötü etkileyen bir risk faktörüdür. Lökoferez bu hasta grubunda, blast sayısını etkin bir şekilde azaltarak nörolojik semptomların kontrolünü sağlayan, etkili, acil bir tedavi yöntemidir. Biz bu olgu sunumunda, hiperlökositoz nedeniyle lökoferez planlanan, ASA IVE, çocuk hastada santral venöz kateterizasyon sırasında gelişen nörolojik dezoryantasyon ve geç derlenmeyi tartışmayı planladık. Lökoferez için uygulanacak santral venöz kateterizasyon morbidite ve mortalitesi yüksek bir girişimdir. İşlemden önce, hastayı takip eden klinisyen ve anestezistin, hastalığın ve santral girişimin tüm risklerini aileye ayrıntılı anlatması gerektiği, işlem sıra-sında mümkün olan olgularda sadece lokal anestezi uygulanması, sedasyon ve genel anesteziden kaçınılması, hastanın bilinç durumunda bozulma olduğunda serebrovasküler olayların akla getirilerek hızla tanı ve tedavi için değerlendirilmesi gerektiği kanaatindeyiz.anahtar Sözcükler: Çocuk, Lökoferez, Santral venöz kateterizasyon aBSTracT Hyperleukocytosis is seen in 5-20% of childhood leukemia cases and it is a poor prognostic factor. Leukapheresis is an effective emergency treatment method by reducing the number of blasts and control of neurological symptoms. Here we report a pediatric patient whose physical status was ASA IVE. He was diagnosed as acute leukemia and had neurologic deterioration together with late recovery from anesthesia after central venous catheterization. Morbidity and mortality of central venous catheterization, which is necessary for leukapheresis treatment, is high. Therefore, all the risks of the disorder and the central catheterization procedure should be described in detail to the family by clinician and the anesthesiologist during preoperative evaluation. We suggest using local anesthesia during this procedure in suitable cases and avoiding sedation or general anesthesia. When there is disorientation, we must remember that this can be a sign of a cerebrovascular event.
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