No abstract

High-fat diet (HFD) intake leads to increased plasma cholesterol concentrations, as well as atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, HFD constitutes a serious threat to the cardiovascular health of human beings (Zeljković et al., 2019). Hyperlipidemia is a condition that implicates several serum lipoprotein abnormalities such as increase levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC), as well as decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition to being a common endocrine metabolic disease, hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors that cause arteriosclerosis, cerebral stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes, and renal failure (Panahi et al., 2018;Shao et al., 2017;Sun et al., 2017). Fibrates, statins, bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, and cholesterol absorption inhibitors are commonly used to treat hyperlipidemia; however, these treatments are limited by numerous side effects, including diarrhea, nausea, myositis, and abnormal liver

A variety of antithrombotic drugs are used during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). We aimed to investigate the practicability of the use of bivalirudin and GPIs in patients receiving PCI. We searched 7 of 629 relevant records from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science for randomised controlled trials. There were no significant differences in the rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) between bivalirudin plus GPI and heparin (all P  >  .05). Bivalirudin plus planned GPI was similar to bivalirudin monotherapy in terms of the risk of MACE (risk ratio [RR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .91 − 1.27; P = .55). Bivalirudin plus provisional GPI was associated with lower bleeding risk (RR = .57; 95% CI = .47 − .69; P < .01) compared to using heparin plus GPI. Compared to bivalirudin alone, bivalirudin plus planned GPI evidently increased bleeding risk (RR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.73 − 2.79; P < .01). Patients receiving bivalirudin or heparin therapy had semblable efficacy endpoints, but those receiving bivalirudin had a significantly lower bleeding risk. For high-risk bleeding patients, bivalirudin plus provisional GPI can have a better antithrombotic effect than heparin, without increasing the bleeding risk.

Objective: Exosome microRNAs (miRNAs) have great research outlook in clinical therapy and biomarkers, they have been found to have a close to multiple diseases. A growing number of studies have attempted to alleviate or treat diseases through exosomes. It indicates that miRNAs in exosomes have great significance in preventing and controlling diseases in clinical research. We summarise these studies below to better understand their implications. Methods: We screened and analyzed more than 100 articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases from 1987 to 2022. Data of the clinical trials are collected from clinicaltrials.gov. Results: In this review, we introduce the source, type, and characteristics of several exosomes, summarising current research on their role in cardiovascular, nervous system disease, tumour, and other diseases. Further, we discuss their mechanism of action and future directions for development of treatments in several diseases, and highlight the significant research value and potential use of exosomes in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: An increasing number of researchers have begun to explore the link between exosomal miRNAs and diseases. More exosome therapeutics will be used in future clinical trials, which may bring new hope for the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. KEY MESSAGES Exosomes have unique advantages in molecular transport and cell signal transduction. miRNAs play an essential role in the formation of multiple diseases. Research on the clinical application and potential value of exosomes is growing.

Background and Aim:Folate, a water-soluble vitamin B, plays an important role in the human body. An ever-increasing life expectancy and the rise of an aging society, has brought with it associated age-related health concerns, folate concentration is known to be significantly impacted by age. Osteoporosis, has many causes, but for the most part is an age-associated disease, that becomes more and more exasperated with age. Thus, the purpose of this article was to explore the relationship between folate which plays an essential role in bodily functions, and osteoporosis.Methods:Data collected over the last decade by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were selected for our study. A total number of 8429 individuals (4030 females and 4399 males) were included in our final analysis. The individuals were divided into an osteoporosis group and a non-osteoporosis group (532 osteoporosis and 7897 non-osteoporosis). Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model analysis were used to analyze the relationship between folate concentration and osteoporosis using R software. Results:Folate concentrations were found to be lower in the osteoporosis group than the non-osteoporosis group (44.15 ± 0.58 VS 57.9 ± 1.78, P < 0.001). Men with higher folate concentrations had a higher osteoporosis risk compared to men with low folate concentrations (OR 4.26, 95% CI = 1.81, 9.95). In patients aged 50 to 70 years, high levels of folate were associated with increased incidences of osteoporosis compared with low levels (OR 1.75, 95% CI = 1.14, 2.67), no differences were observed after adjusting for covariates such as gender. In the restricted cubic spline, the incidences of osteoporosis showed a downward trend with the increase of folate concentration, when folate concentration reached around 50 nmol/L, the incidences of osteoporosis began to increase.Conclusion:Folate concentration can affect the occurrence of osteoporosis: low levels of folate can play a protective role, while high levels of folate can be a risk factor. The specific cut-off point of folate concentration needs further investigation.