In spite of the fact that migraine often manifests as a familial disorder, the role of the family in migraine has not been adequately explored. In this study parent-child interactions in 20 families with a child suffering from migraine were analysed and compared with 20 healthy families and 20 families with an asthma child. The families had to solve a puzzle within a limited time. Parent-child interactions within migraine and asthma families were asymmetric, revealing a disease-specific interpersonal context in the family. Communication with the affected child in migraine families was significantly more directive, with more specific instructions and less help, towards migraineurs than with the healthy siblings. Dominance of parents and submissive behaviour of children were the main features of interactions. In asthma families interactions were more conflicting and less cooperative. This study demonstrated a specific, asymmetric, pattern of family interactions predisposing children either to migraine or asthma.

Öz: Araştırmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının topluma hizmet uygulamaları dersine yönelik algılarını tespit etmektir. Araştırma Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde Sınıf, Fen Bilgisi, Matematik ve Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi anabilim dallarında öğrenim gören 3. sınıf 118 öğretmen adayı üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırma betimsel nitelikli bir çalışmadır. Verilerin toplanmasında 15 maddeden oluşan 5'li likert tipi ölçme aracı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde istatistiksel işlemlerden frekans, yüzde, bağımsız gruplar t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının topluma hizmet uygulama dersine ilişkin algıları ile cinsiyet değişkeni arasında istatistiksel olarak kız öğrenciler lehine anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının öğrenim gördükleri anabilim dalları arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.Öğretmen adaylarının topluma hizmet uygulamaları dersine yönelik aldıkları genel algı puanının ( =3.47) algı seçeneklerinden "katılıyorum" seçeneği arasında yer aldığı saptanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: topluma hizmet uygulamaları dersi, öğretmen adayları, algı, eğitim fakültesi, ilköğretim bölümü Perceptions of Teacher Candidates for Community Service Applications LessonAbstract: The research goal is determine perceptions of teacher candidates for community service applications lesson. The research has made over 3rd class 118 teachers candidates in Bartın University Faculty of Education Classroom, Science, Mathematics and Social Studies Education department. The research was descriptive quality work. The collection of data was used consisting of 15 items five-point likert-type measurement instrument. In the analysis of datas used the statistical processing of the data from frequency, percentage, independent groups t-test and one-way anova. As a result of the research was found significant difference in favour of females between sex variable and perceptions of teacher candidates for community service applications lesson. It wasn't found significant difference statistically among teacher candidates learning science branchs. It has determined "I agree" option, which is located general perception score ( =3.47) of teacher candidates for community service applications lesson.

The aim of this study is to research of 4th grade primary school students' level of usage of summarizing strategy. This research was carried out in descriptive survey model. Survey model is a research model aiming to describe a situation existing at that time or in the past as it is. The study group of this study is consisted of 60 students studying in 4 grades of Bartın Akçalı Primary School and Bartın Kozcağız Ahmetler Primary school in 2015-2016 academic year. Students were asked to summarize by giving informative and narrative texts. In obtaining the data of the study, Summarizing Strategies Rating Scale and the Summarizing the problem Inventory developed by Özçakmak (2015) was used. In the results of study, the ability to use strategies of summarizing on of the reading comprehension strategies and problems faced during summarizing of 4 th grade students were determined. It was observed that ensures success students have 70.6% success in narrative text summarization and 65.19 % success in informative text summarization. It was determined that students are more successful in summarizing narrative texts than informative texts and they have problems of not using correct reductions and narrative mode. Araştırma sonucunda 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin okuduğunu anlama stratejilerinden özetleme stratejisinin kullanabilme becerileri ve özetleme de karşılaştıkları sorunlar belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin öyküleyici metinleri özetlemede % 70,6, bilgilendirici metinleri özetlemede ise %65,19 başarı sağladıkları gözlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin öyküleyici metinleri bilgilendirici metinlere göre özetlemede daha başarılı oldukları ve özetlemede en çok kısaltma ve anlatım kipini doğru kullanmama sorununu yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir.

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