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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily affects adults and spares children, whereas very little is known about neonates. We tried to define the clinical characteristics, risk factors, laboratory, and imagining results of neonates with community-acquired COVID-19. Methods: This prospective multicentered cohort study included 24 neonatal intensive care units around Turkey, wherein outpatient neonates with COVID-19 were registered in an online national database. Full-term and premature neonates diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study, whether hospitalized or followed up as ambulatory patients. Neonates without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing or whose mothers had been diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy were excluded. Results: Thirty-seven symptomatic neonates were included. The most frequent findings were fever, hypoxemia, and cough (49%, 41%, 27%, respectively). Oxygen administration (41%) and noninvasive ventilation (16%) were frequently required; however, mechanical ventilation (3%) was rarely needed. Median hospitalization was 11 days (1–35 days). One patient with Down syndrome and congenital cardiovascular disorders died in the study period. C-reactive protein (CRP) and prothrombin time (PT) levels were found to be higher in patients who needed supplemental oxygen (0.9 [0.1–8.6] vs. 5.8 [0.3–69.2] p = 0.002, 11.9 [10.1–17.2] vs. 15.2 [11.7–18.0] p = 0.01, respectively) or who were severe/critical (1.0 [0.01–8.6] vs. 4.5 [0.1–69.2] p = 0.01, 11.7 [10.1–13.9] vs. 15.0 [11.7–18.0] p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Symptomatic neonates with COVID-19 had high rates of respiratory support requirements. High CRP levels or a greater PT should alert the physician to more severe disease.

Both natural surfactants improved oxygenation when administered for pulmonary hemorrhage in VLBW infants. The type of surfactant seems to have no effect on BPD and mortality rates in these patients.

In conclusion, VG ventilation in combination with surfactant treatment significantly reduced both duration of mechanical ventilation and early neonatal oxygen related morbidities including BPD, ROP and IVH in preterm infants with RDS. This data favors the use of VG ventilation in respiratory support of premature infants.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of oral erythromycin versus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment in preventing feeding intolerance and liver function abnormalities.Study Design: A prospective, double blind, randomized, controlled trial in which three groups of preterm infants (birth weight <1500 g) were randomized to erythromycin (12.5 mg kg À1 per day), UDCA (5 mg kg À1 every 6 h) or placebo treatment. During the period 352 infants were admitted to our unit of which 75 infants whose parents accepted participation were enrolled in the study. Full enteral feeding or intestinal failure-associated liver disease was considered as the primary outcome measures.Results: Time to achieve full feeding after beginning the treatment was significantly shorter in the erythromycin group (P ¼ 0.014). g-Glutamyl transpeptidase levels in the placebo group were significantly higher than in the intervention groups (P ¼ 0.001). GTT level was slightly lower in UDCA groups than erythromycin. Conclusion:Oral erythromycin was most effective in facilitating enteral feeding and UDCA was most effective in preventing cholestasis in very low birth weight infants. Prophylactic usage of UDCA could be considered in infants with prolonged parenteral nutrition.