The impacts of conflicting aerodynamic forces and side drifting forces are the primary unstable elements in automobiles. The action of an unstable environment in automobile vehicles increases the chance of an accident occurring. As a result, much study is required to determine how opposing aerodynamic forces and side drifting force affects function, as well as how to deal with them for safe and smooth navigation. In this work, an intercity bus is chosen as a main object, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is used to estimate aerodynamic forces on the bus in all major directions. Experimentation is also carried out for validation reasons. CFD findings for a scaled base model and a dimple-loaded model based on experimental results from a subsonic wind tunnel are demonstrated to be correct. The drag forces generated by CFD simulations on test models are carefully compared to the experimental drag findings of same-dimensioned models. The error percentages between the results of these two methods are acquired and the percentages are determined to be within an acceptable range of significant limitations. Following these validations, CATIA is used to create a total of nine distinct models, the first of which is a standard intercity bus, whereas the other eight models are fitted with drag reduction techniques such as dimples, riblets, and fins on the surface of their upper cumulus side. A sophisticated computational tool, ANSYS Fluent 17.2, is used to estimate the comparative assessments of the predictions of aerodynamic force fluctuations on bus models. Finally, dimples on the top and side surfaces of the bus model (DESIGN–I) are proposed as a more efficient model than other models because dimples are a vital component that may lower pressure drag on the bus by 18% in the main flow direction and up to 43% in the sideslip direction. Furthermore, by minimizing the different aerodynamic force sources without impacting the preparatory needs, the proposed model may provide comfortable travel. The real-time bus is created, and the finalized drag reduction is applied to the optimized places over the whole bus model. In addition, five distinct size-based bus models are developed and studied in terms of aerodynamic forces, necessary energy to resist aerodynamic drag, required forward force for successful movement, instantaneous demand for particular power, and fuel consumption rate. Finally, the formation of aeroacoustic noise owing to turbulence is estimated using sophisticated computer simulation. Last, for real-time applications, multi-parametric studies based on appropriate intercity buses are established.

Recent large-scale operations, including frequent maritime transportation and unauthorised as well as unlawful collisions of drainage wastes, have polluted the ocean’s ecology. Due to the ocean’s unsuitable ecology, the entire globe may experience drastic aberrant conditions, which will force illness onto all living things. Therefore, an advanced system is very necessary to remove the undesired waste from the ocean’s surface and interior. Through the use of progressive unmanned amphibious vehicles (UAV), this study provides a dynamic operational mode-based solution to damage removal. In order to successfully handle the heavy payloads of ravage collections when the UAV reveals centre of gravity concerns, a highly manoeuvrable-based design inspired by nature has been imposed. The ideal creatures to serve as the inspiration for this piece are tropical birds, which have a long tail for navigating tricky situations. The design initialization was carried out by focusing on the outer body of tropical birds. Following this, special calculations were conducted and the full design parameters of the UAV were established. This study proposes a unique mathematical formulation for the development of primary and secondary design parameters of an UAV. The proposed mission profile of this application is computationally tested with the aid of sophisticated computational methodologies after the modelling of this UAV. The computational methods that are required are one-way coupling-based hydro-structural interaction assessments and computational hydrodynamic analyses. Computing is used to determine the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces over the UAV, the lightweight materials to withstand high fluid dynamic loads, and the buoyancy forces to complete the UAV components. These computational methods have been used to produce a flexible and fine-tuned UAV design for targeted real-time applications.

The present work examines the oxygen enrichment on diesel engine at the fuel side and air side. Oxygenation at the fuel side is done by blending the Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) additive with a maximum percentage of oxygen whereas that of air side is done by coupling a blower to the inlet manifold. The experiment was conducted with four different blends of oxygenated additives with diesel, and then the effects of supercharging in these blends were analyzed. The performance and emission characteristics of DMC blend with diesel fuel were examined and compared with the base engine characteristics. The results show that for 5% of DMC there is an increase in the thermal efficiency of the engine and decrease the CO emissions.