Everlasting increase of connected devices and users in communication networks carry out enormous traffic volumes. This reason places the network in a position to fine tune the energy consumption in proposal and attentive operations. Optical transmission technologies are a momentous paradigm which brings down the overall energy consumption in communication networks. This advantage increases an interest on research to improve the energy saving opportunities of optical networks. Regardless of this most vibrant research few unanswered questions direct the researchers to set effort on resolving the issues in energy efficient optical networks. Shannon limit and parallelism to support higher capacities is essential in approaching optical systems also without reducing the network performance parameters such as latency, reliability and survivability, energy consumption of optical networks must be laid out as it affects quality of services. New generation network services like optical cloud and fixed mobile convergence have necessity to meet out the end-to-end energy optimization. All these factors enlighten research area towards energy efficiency in optical network transmission. This special research work reconnoiters and consolidates the earlier research models related to energy efficient transmission in optical networks

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Objectives: Small acute stress events occurring every day at work, can gradually lead to long-term, chronic stress. Burnout syndrome is the response to chronic occupational stress experienced by the person. We aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout among practicing anaesthesiologists in India and its association with personal and professional characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted, wherein a questionnaire was emailed to 5000 anaesthesiologists. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, career, and work conditions, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used. Data were analysed according to the guidelines for data processing with SPSS and an analysis of the scales used. Results: There were 1238 responders, with a response rate of 24.7%. A total of 864 completed responses were considered for analysis. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and low professional outcome among our responders was 39.5%, 65%, and 50.6%. Senior residents showed a high prevalence of burnout in all subsets compared to other designation (p < 0.001). Increased prevalence was seen in the 26–35 years age group, those working around 12 h/day, doing 7–10 night shifts per month, and perceived poor remuneration. Conclusion: We conclude, that chronic stress and burnout are prevalent among anaesthesiologists in India at alarming levels. Coping strategies and relaxation techniques are necessary to reduce burnout and increase work efficiency.