BACKGROUNDPercutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple and safe method of diagnosing various intrathoracic lesions. CT and sonography are newer methods of guidance for aspiration cytology. This study was undertaken to assess the role of ultrasonography in guiding 23/24 gauge needle without local anaesthesia for aspiration cytology of lung and mediastinal lesions. The diagnosis was correlated with histopathology reports. Complications following the procedure were also evaluated.