New crown-appended cholesterol-based organogelators 1-3, which have one or two cholesterol skeletons as a chiral aggregate-forming site, two amino groups as an acidic proton binding site, and one crown moiety as a cation binding site, were synthesized, and the gelation ability was evaluated in organic solvents. These gelators could gelatinize several organic solvents under 1.0 wt %, indicating that 1-3 act as a versatile gelator of various organic solvents. We observed CD spectra of the acetic acid or propionic acid gels of 1-3 to characterize the aggregation mode in the organogel system. In the CD spectrum of the acetic acid gel 1, the positive sign for the first Cotton effect indicates that the dipole moments of azobenzene chromophores tend to orient into the clockwise direction. On the other hand, propionic acid gels 2 and 3, bearing only one cholesterol, moiety exhibit a negative sign for the first Cotton effect, strongly suggesting that the dipole moments of the azobenzene chromophores orient into the anticlockwise direction. The TEM images of the 1+acetic acid gel resulted in the helical ribbon and tubular structures. Sol-gel polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was carried out with 1-3 as templates in the gel phase. The silica obtained from the 1+acetic acid gel showed the helical ribbon with 200-1700 nm width and the tubular structure of the silica with constant about 560 nm outer diameter. As far as can be recognized, all the helicity possesses a right-handed helical motif. Since the exciton coupling band of the organogel also shows P (right-handed) helicity, we consider that a microscopic helicity is reflected by a macroscopic helicity. On the other hand, the tubular structure of the silica obtained from the organogels 2 and 3 is somewhat different from that prepared from the organogel 1. The careful examination of SEM and TEM pictures revealed that the tube wall of the silica features a roll-paper-like multilayer structure. Thus, this paper demonstrates successful and rare examples for precise transcription of gel superstructures into inorganic silica materials.

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Adenine base editors (ABEs) promise speci c A-to-G conversions at genomic sites of interest. However, ABEs also induce cytosine deamination at the target DNA site and exhibit transcriptome-wide off-target RNA editing. To alleviate the ABE-mediated cytosine editing activity, here we engineered the commonlyused version of adenosine deaminase, TadA7.10, to contain rationally designed mutations. We ultimately found that ABE7.10 with a D108Q mutation in TadA7.10 exhibited greatly reduced cytosine deamination activity, and conversely, ABE7.10 containing a P48R mutation displayed increased cytosine deamination activity rather than adenine editing. We found that the D108Q mutation also reduces cytosine deamination activity in two recently-developed versions of ABE, ABE8e and ABE8s, and has a synergistic effect with V106W, a key mutation that reduces off-target RNA editing. On the other hand, by incorporating the P48R mutation into ABE7.10, we demonstrated TC-speci c base editing tools that enable either TC-to-TT or TC-to-TG conversions, broadening the utility of base editors. Main TextABE is an effective gene editing tool that can convert an A/T pair to a G/C pair without generating a DNA double-strand break (DSB) or requiring a donor DNA template. An initial practical version of ABE (ABE7.10) was composed of three fused elements: a partially inactive Cas nuclease (Cas nickase or nCas) and a pair of adenosine deaminases [a wild-type tRNA-speci c adenosine deaminase, TadA from

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of deltoid ligament and distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury on 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).Materials and MethodsFifty patients (mean age, 35 years) who had undergone preoperative 3T MRI and surgical treatment for CLAI were enrolled. The prevalence of deltoid ligament and syndesmosis injury were assessed. The complexity of lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC) injury was correlated with prevalence of deltoid or syndesmosis injuries. The diagnostic accuracy of ankle ligament imaging at 3T MRI was analyzed using arthroscopy as a reference standard.ResultsOn MRI, deltoid ligament injury was identified in 18 (36%) patients as follows: superficial ligament alone, 9 (50%); deep ligament alone 2 (11%); and both ligaments 7 (39%). Syndesmosis abnormality was found in 21 (42%) patients as follows: anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) alone, 19 (90%); and AITFL and interosseous ligament, 2 (10%). There was no correlation between LCLC injury complexity and the prevalence of an accompanying deltoid or syndesmosis injury on both MRI and arthroscopic findings. MRI sensitivity and specificity for detection of deltoid ligament injury were 84% and 93.5%, and those for detection of syndesmosis injury were 91% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionDeltoid ligament or syndesmosis injuries were common in patients undergoing surgery for CLAI, regardless of the LCLC injury complexity. 3T MRI is helpful for the detection of all types of ankle ligament injury. Therefore, careful interpretation of pre-operative MRI is essential.

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