Background It is expected that artificial intelligence (AI) will be used extensively in the medical field in the future. Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the awareness of AI among Korean doctors and to assess physicians’ attitudes toward the medical application of AI. Methods We conducted an online survey composed of 11 closed-ended questions using Google Forms. The survey consisted of questions regarding the recognition of and attitudes toward AI, the development direction of AI in medicine, and the possible risks of using AI in the medical field. Results A total of 669 participants completed the survey. Only 40 (5.9%) answered that they had good familiarity with AI. However, most participants considered AI useful in the medical field (558/669, 83.4% agreement). The advantage of using AI was seen as the ability to analyze vast amounts of high-quality, clinically relevant data in real time. Respondents agreed that the area of medicine in which AI would be most useful is disease diagnosis (558/669, 83.4% agreement). One possible problem cited by the participants was that AI would not be able to assist in unexpected situations owing to inadequate information (196/669, 29.3%). Less than half of the participants(294/669, 43.9%) agreed that AI is diagnostically superior to human doctors. Only 237 (35.4%) answered that they agreed that AI could replace them in their jobs. Conclusions This study suggests that Korean doctors and medical students have favorable attitudes toward AI in the medical field. The majority of physicians surveyed believed that AI will not replace their roles in the future.

Background: Severe brain injury induced by neonatal stroke causes significant mortality and disability, and effective therapies are currently lacking. We hypothesized that human umbilical cord blood (UcB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MScs) can attenuate severe brain injury induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (McaO) in rat pups. Methods: after confirming severe brain injury involving more than 50% of the ipsilateral hemisphere volume at 1 h after McaO using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in postnatal day (P)10 rats, human UcB-derived MScs were transplanted intraventricularly. The brain MRI was evaluated periodically up to 28 d after McaO (P38). Sensorimotor function and histology in the peri-infarct tissues were evaluated at the end of the experiment. results: Severe brain injury induced by permanent McaO resulted in decreased survival and body weight gain, increased brain infarct volume as measured by MRI, impaired functional tests such as the rotarod and cylinder test, and histologic abnormalities such as increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling, reactive microglial marker, and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells in the penumbra. all of these abnormalities were significantly improved by MSc transplantation 6 h after McaO. conclusion: These results suggest that human UcB-derived MScs are a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of severe perinatal brain injury including neonatal stroke.

This study suggests that attention should be paid to smoking-associated facial wrinkling (not evident from a visual assessment) in young people and added to the list of disorders seemingly caused by smoking.

Uniform deposition of high-k dielectrics on two-dimensional (2D) crystals is highly desirable for their use in future nano-electronic devices. Here, the surface coverage of the Al 2 O 3 films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was investigated on mechanically-exfoliated MoS 2 , WS 2 , WSe 2 , and h-BN flakes for exploring the deposition kinetics of the Al 2 O 3 films on the 2D crystals. The film coverage followed a decreasing order of WSe 2 > WS 2 > MoS 2 > h-BN, which was mainly determined by the ALD temperature and adsorption energy (E ads ) of the ALD precursor (trimethyl-aluminum) during the initial ALD cycles. The obtained |E ads | values of the precursor on the 2D crystals corresponded well to a van der Waals physisorption energy of 0.05-0.26 eV. Furthermore, the magnitude of the extracted E ads values showed a strong dependence on the induced dipole polarizability of the 2D crystals. The obtained results demonstrate that the surface coverage of the ALD high-k dielectrics can be modulated by choosing the types of the 2D substrates, and could provide a pathway for the integration of high-k dielectrics in 2D crystal-based nano-electronic devices.