Ultrasound biomicroscopy could be a useful diagnostic tool to evaluate anterior ocular segment of pigeons.

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OBJECTIVE To compare morphology of the ciliary cleft (CC) region in dogs after topical administration of latanoprost, pilocarpine, or a combination of latanoprost and pilocarpine. ANIMALS 6 Beagles. PROCEDURES A prospective 4-phase crossover study with washout periods was performed. Latanoprost (phase L), pilocarpine (phase P), pilocarpine followed by latanoprost (phase PL), and latanoprost followed by pilocarpine (phase LP) were administered to the right eye. Artificial tears were administered to the left eye (control eye). For each phase, pupil diameter and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured and ultrasonographic biomicroscopy was performed 2 hours after topical treatment. Angle opening distance (AOD), ciliary cleft width (CCW), ciliary cleft length (CCL), and ciliary cleft area (CCA) were evaluated. RESULTS All treated eyes had marked miosis without significant differences in pupil diameter among phases. Significant IOP reductions were detected for all phases, except phase P. The AOD and CCA were significantly increased in all phases for treated eyes, compared with results for control eyes. The CCW was significantly increased in phases P, PL, and LP; CCL was significantly increased in phases PL and LP. Comparison of treated eyes among phases revealed that CCW differed significantly between phases L and P and between phases L and PL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prostaglandin-mediated and cholinergic-mediated miosis caused variations in CC configurations. When latanoprost and pilocarpine were used in combination, the first drug administered determined the cleft morphology, which was not fully reversed by the second drug. The CC morphology did not fully explain IOP reductions.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy among ultrasound pachymetry (UP), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and manual measurement (MM) with digital caliper by comparing corneal thickness (COT) values obtained on frozen canine corneas ex vivo. The COT was measured using UP, UBM, and MM in 8 enucleated normal canine eyes frozen at -20℃ for 4 weeks. After thawing at room temperature for 2 hrs, the COT values were obtained from five sites in each cornea: central corneal thickness (CCOT), thickness at the 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock positions ii (3COT, 6COT, 9COT, and 12COT, respectively). For each device, measurements were performed three times at each designated site by one operator. The mean CCOT was 839.0 ± 138.2, 857.6 ± 127.9, and 849.1 ± 132.8 μm for UP, UBM, and MM, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the measurements by all three devices. The statistical agreement among these devices was also shown to be good according to Bland-Altman plots. In addition, the values measured on the peripheral sites of the cornea (3COT, 6COT, 9COT, and 12COT) also revealed no significant differences among the three devices. The difference between CCOT and peripheral corneal thickness (PCOT) was also statistically insignificant. Based on the results of the present study, the UP, UBM, and MM measurements showed statistically similar COT values. The UBM and UP provided accurate and reliable measurements comparable to MM, and could be used effectively for clinical COT measurements. LL Limbus to limbus LoA Limits of agreement MM Manual measurement PCOT Peripheral corneal thickness SD Standard deviation UBM Ultrasound biomicroscopy UP Ultrasound pachymetry 3COT