Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important food commodity of economic benefit due to its high price, low susceptibility to disease, and popularity for consumption. These advantages have led many farmers to cultivate vannamei shrimp. Efforts are underway to improve the aquaculture performance of this species, including the use of probiotics, which are non-pathogenic bacteria that aid in digestion and help fight disease. Probiotics are usually obtained from the intestines of vannamei shrimp or the culture environment. They are low-cost, non-pathogenic, and largely non-toxic source of antibiotics and are able to synthesize various metabolites that have antibacterial functions and applications. Research on probiotic use has primarily been focused on increasing vannamei shrimp aquaculture production. Bacterial species, such as Lactobacillus or Nitrobacter, can be administered orally, by injection, or as a supplement in aquaculture water. Probiotics help to improve survival rate, water quality, immunity, and disease resistance through space competition with disease-causing bacteria, such as Vibrio spp. An increased number of probiotic bacteria suppresses the growth and presence of pathogenic bacteria, which lowers disease susceptibility. In addition, probiotic bacteria also aid digestion by breaking down complex compounds into simpler substances that the body can absorb more easily. This mechanism improves growth performance in terms of weight, length, and feed conversion ratio. This review aimed to provide information regarding contribution of probiotic to improve vannamei shrimp production in aquaculture. Keywords: application, bacteria, farm, microbiome, shrimp.

Snakehead fish as a fish of high economic value is currently still caught through nature where cork maintenance has not been widely done. Snakehead fish contains high protein, good for health can also for recover damaged. This investigation intends to produce findings from earlier research into the feeding patterns of snakehead fish (Channa striata) in aquatic environments. Because it can serve as a resource for the public and other parties in terms of ecological and biological studies as well as serve as a guide for activities involving the farming of snakehead fish, this study literature is fascinating to address the feeding habits of snakehead fish (Channa striata). Fish fries are the principal diet for carnivorous snakehead fish. when zooplankton or other tiny crustaceans are more commonly consumed by snakehead fish larvae. This disparity in eating patterns is determined by things including fish kind, age, food availability, environment, and fish size. Due to the lack of food, the effects of the season, and the time spent searching for food, snakehead fish are found to have an empty stomach in both their larval and adult stages.

Blue swimming crab is a fishery product with high economic value in Indonesia. Betahwalang Village, Demak, is one of the crab fisheries locations in the province of Central Java. High selling prices and processing industry demand encourages fishing activities. One issue brought on by increased fishing activity is the smaller crab size. It will impact the crab fishing industry in Betahwalang. The majority of the fisherman in Betahwalang Village catch crabs using arad nets, simple gill nets, and traps. This study aims to evaluate the size of crab catch results on fishing gear used by fishermen and recommend proper fishing gear for catching crabs. This research was conducted in April 2019. The catch size of crab was the primary data collected for this study, also with data on fishing grounds, methods, and characteristics of fishing gear. Data were collected by observation, interviews, and measurements of fishing gear and the carapace width of the crab. The results of data collection and processing were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the highest proportion of legal size crabs (carapace width ≥10 cm) was caught in traps, while the proportion of unlegal size crabs caught was mostly in bottom gillnets and mini trawl.