Magnesium biotinate (MgB) is a novel biotin complex with superior absorption and anti-inflammatory effects in the brain than D-Biotin. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different doses of MgB on social behavior deficits, learning and memory alteration, and inflammatory markers in propionic acid (PPA)-exposed rats. In this case, 35 Wistar rats (3 weeks old) were distributed into five groups: 1, Control; 2, PPA treated group; 3, PPA+MgBI (10 mg, HED); 4, PPA+MgBII (100 mg, HED); 5, PPA+MgBIII (500 mg, HED). PPA was given subcutaneously at 500 mg/kg/day for five days, followed by MgB for two weeks. PPA-exposed rats showed poor sociability and a high level of anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairments (p < 0.001). In a dose-dependent manner, behavioral and learning-memory disorders were significantly improved by MgB supplementation (p < 0.05). PPA decreased both the numbers and the sizes of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. However, MgB administration increased the sizes and the densities of Purkinje cells. MgB improved the brain and serum Mg, biotin, serotonin, and dopamine concentrations, as well as antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH) (p < 0.05). In addition, MgB treatment significantly regulated the neurotoxicity-related cytokines and neurotransmission-related markers. For instance, MgB significantly decreased the expression level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, CCL-3, CCL-5, and CXCL-16 in the brain, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that MgB may ameliorate dysfunctions in social behavior, learning and memory and reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation indexes of the brain in a rat model.

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Methylphenidate (MPH) is one of the most widely used drugs in the treatment of ADHD. Enuresis can occur comorbidly with ADHD. However, enuresis is sometimes seen in patients with ADHD as an adverse effect of MPH treatment. In contrast, in some cases, MPH reportedly improves enuresis in patients with ADHD comorbid with enuresis. The literature is contradictory with regard to the relationship between MPH and enuresis. This report presents the cases of 3 children with ADHD who displayed enuresis during MPH treatment.

No abstract

Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic commonly used in the treatment of childhood disorders, such as bipolar disorder, psychosis, and irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder. Common side effects of its use include extrapyramidal side effects, somnolence, tremor, fatigue, nausea, and akathisia. Enuresis is an additional and rare side effect of aripiprazole use. There is limited data on the subject of enuresis induced as a result of treatment with aripiprazole. To our knowledge, there are no reports in the literature on aripiprazole-induced enuresis continuum in children. In this report, we present the case of a 9-year-old boy who developed enuresis continuum after the initiation of a low dose of aripiprazole and describe his rapid improvement when administration of the drug was ended.