Recently, the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes in the design of new biosensors have attracted great interest in the development of carbon nanomaterials. Due to the superior properties of CNTs and fullerenes, the use of sensor components allows the development of reliable, accurate and fast biosensors. Depending on the types of target molecules, the development and application areas of the sensors vary. This review summarizes the role of CNTs and fullerenes in the development of biosensors in different application areas. Considering the difference between other members of the nano-carbon family, we explain why CNTs are used more widely in biosensor applications and why fullerenes have high potentials in these areas of application. Moreover, we focused on investigating the function of these nano-carbons in the detection of various analytes in bio-sensing. By discussing the challenges and future expectations, we have put forward a perspective that may help synthesize advanced composites in the development of new generation designs in biosensor applications.

were produced by sol-gel method and grown on single crystalline Si (100) substrate by spin coating approach. Structural properties and thermal behaviours of the films were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Systematic Steady-state photoluminescence and lifetime measurements in a series of yttrium niobium-tantalate with varying amounts of Eu 3+ were presented. The photoluminescence spectra of the films exhibited strong blue (380-400 nm) and red (614 nm) emissions upon ultraviolet excitation. Emission intensities were strongly dependent on the host lattice composition and film morphology. 1.5% Eu 3+ doped films exhibited the brightest luminescence and long lifetime extending to 1.22 ms when excited at 254 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt in the production of M′-YTO, M′-YTNO, and M′-YTNO:Eu 3+ films on single crystalline Si (100) substrate via sol-gel spin coating.

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