Leaked documents show that some early commercial batches of Pfizer-BioNTech’s covid-19 vaccine had lower than expected levels of intact mRNA, prompting wider questions about how to assess this novel vaccine platform, writes Serena Tinari

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Novavax had a vaccine with big promise. Its more traditional technology and easy storage attracted big global investment but, as year two of the pandemic draws to a close, the company struggles with regulators, disappoints hopeful governments, and lags far behind its competitors. Is there still hope, ask

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has marked a new chapter in the saga of Sputnik V-a vaccine intertwined with geopolitics, reports Serena Tinari Serena Tinari freelance journalistAlthough Russian covid vaccines are licensed in over 70 countries, their success on the international market could be impeded by the conflict in Ukraine and the onset of global sanctions against Russia and its entities. Sputnik V, a vaccine created by scientists at the Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, was developed, promoted, and financed by the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF). On 28 February the US Department of the Treasury included the RDIF in its list of sanctioned Russian entities, 1 and the Council of Europe and several national executives worldwide promptly followed.

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