International audienceDue to dramatic increase in power demand for future mobile networks (LTE/4G, 5G), hybrid (solar/wind/fuel) powered base station has become an effective solution to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Such base stations are powered by small wind turbines (SWT) having nominal power in the range of 1.5- 7.5 kW. In the context of the OPERA-Net2 European project, the study aims to quantify and mitigate radio interaction between such SWTs and BTSs. Compared to megawatt WTs, SWTs have the diversity of shape, material and orientation (horizontal / vertical). Thus, a simple representative model (RSWT) was first designed. It is fully metallic to correspond to the worst radio case and its dimensions are scalable to SWT nominal power. In this paper, the RSWT dimensions have been optimized to improve the match of RCS between the RSWT and realistic SWT models having the same nominal power. To verify, comparisons have been done between the RSWT and 3.5 kW Nheowind-100 model (IDSUD ENERGIES). A scaled prototype of the 3.5 kW RSWT with ratio 1:10 was manufactured. Its RCS as a function of azimuth angle was measured in an anechoic chamber at 9 and 17 GHz with different blade positions. Comparison between simulation and measurement shows a good agreement

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In radio cellular networks, base transceiver station (BTS) powered by hybrid energy (solar / wind / fuel) has become an efficient and attractive solution to help to reduce the use of fossil fuel based energy. Such hybrid energy BTSs have been deployed in remote areas with small wind turbines (SWT) located on top of BTS pylon or on a separate mast. Because megawatt WTs or wind farm disturb various radio systems (radars, TVs), the proximity between SWT and BTS raises questions about electromagnetic compatibility. In the context of the OPERA-Net2 European project, these questions are being studied through this original work. Based on the conclusions, for the first time ever installation recommendations could be proposed to reduce the radio impact of SWTs. Compared to megawatt WTs, SWTs with nominal power range of 1.5 -7.5 kW are much more diverse (shapes, materials). Thus, a representative model (RSWT) has been designed. Its size was optimized to improve the match with realistic models, notably the Nheowind 3D100 wind turbine (NHEOLIS -IDSUD ENERGIES). A prototype of the RSWT with dimensions scaled down by 10 was manufactured. Based on the RCS of this prototype measured in an anechoic chamber at 9 GHz and 17 GHz, the scattering (or RCS) of the designed RSWT at radio cellular frequencies could be determined. Comparisons between simulation and measurement at these frequencies show good agreement thus validate the RSWT modelling.I.

International audienceHybrid-powered base stations have become an effective solution to reduce fossil fuel consumption, when power demand for future mobile networks (LTE/4G, 5G) dramatically increases. Such base stations are powered by small wind turbines (SWTs) having nominal power in the range of 1.5-7.5 kW. Due to the close proximity between SWTs and BTSs, questions have been raised about possible radio interference. In the context of the OPERA-Net2 European project, the main objectives of this original work concern cellular radio / SWT compatibility as well as recommendations to mitigate possible related disturbances. Compared to megawatt WTs, SWTs have a variety of shapes, materials and orientations (horizontal / vertical). Thus, a simple representative model (RSWT-u) was first designed. It is fully metallic to correspond to the worst radio case and its dimensions are scalable to SWT nominal power. The RSWT-u dimensions have since been optimized to improve the RCS match between the RSWT and realistic SWT models having the same nominal power. To verify, comparisons have been made between the RSWT and 3.5 kW Nheowind-100 model (IDSUD ENERGIES). A scaled prototype of the 3.5 kW RSWT with a 1:10 ratio was manufactured. Its RCS was measured in an anechoic chamber at 9 GHz and 17 GHz. A comparison between simulation and measurement at these frequencies shows good agreement. Taking into account the frequency and dimension scale factors, the results obtained at radio cellular frequencies are validated