Research findings indicate that most African countries are vulnerable to climate change as a result of challenges such as poverty, weather extremes, and insufficient governmental agricultural support. For this reason, the researchers used the Sissala West District as a case study to determine factors influencing farmers' adaptation to climate change and strategies used to avert climate change impact. A total of 330 small-scale farmers were sampled for survey and 150 key informants were used in focus group discussions. Utilizing the logistic regression model, the study indicated irregular rainfall, high temperature, weather information, and high evaporation as the factors that highly influenced farmers' ability to adapt to climate change. A Weighted Average Index used to measure weather extremes revealed that drought and temperature had the highest level of occurrence. Furthermore, climate change adaptation strategies assessed in the study showed that agroforestry practices, drought-resistant crops, and mulching were the most preferred methods. The study concluded that farmers' ability to adapt to climate change can be improved if the Environmental Protection Agency and the Ministry of Food and Agriculture intensify climate adaptation campaigns, increase access to weather information, and train farmers on adaptable strategies including, but not limited to, alternative sources of livelihood.

Countries and international organizations are making conscious effort to address climate change threat to humanity. Rising fossil fuel burning and land use changes to meet human demands continuously emit large quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere thus causing climate change. The research used Talensi District as a case study to determine factors influencing farmers’ adaptation response and the actual practices used to avert climate change impact. A total of 225 small-scale farmers were sampled for survey and 100 key informants were used in focus group discussions. Utilizing the logistic regression model, the study indicated that education, transportation, inputs cost and extension services were the factors with high tendency of undermining farmers’ ability to adapt to climate change. In addition, Weighted Average Index used to measure weather extremes revealed that drought and temperature had the highest level of occurrence. Climate change adaptation practices assessed in the study showed that change in planting date, improved crops varieties and land rotation were the most preferred practices. The study concluded that farmers resilience could be enhanced if governments and concerned organizations intensify adaptation campaigns, increase access to weather information, and train farmers on adaptable practices including, timely planting and alternative sources of livelihood. In addition, intensifying government support for agriculture including input subsidies, and provision of irrigation facilities were also good interventions to improve climate change resilience.

The peace process, resulting from a peace agreement, is a series of actions whose achievement aims to provide a definitive solution to an armed conflict. This process is established over a long period of time, hence the importance of support from UN agencies. The lack of implementation of the actions advocated in this process can plunge the country into crisis. This crisis can intensify and lead to a chaotic situation, as in the case of the Central African Republic (CAR). We analyze the failure of 13 peace agreements signed in the context of the conflict in CAR between 1997 and February 2019. We see that the lack of reasonable sharing of power with the opposition (political and military) in these peace processes is a determining factor in the failure of this process. The reluctance to share power is motivated by the sharing of the cake between clans and parliamentary coalition acquired for the benefit of regimes. Also, the regimes have little interest, purposely for institutional reforms, the final disengagement of armed militias and the establishment of justice to prosecute the perpetrators of human rights violations and international crimes. This study has an implication for CAR seen around the world as the champion of peace processes and peacekeeping missions.

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