Observance of the depth of sowing of grain crops within the limits established by agro technical requirements is a guarantee of high yield. When the disc coulter moves in the soil, a variable resistance force acts on it, which affects the seeding depth and the qualitative characteristics of the shoots. Since within the same field there are different soils, the depth of sowing with the serial coulters becomes not stable. To solve this problem, the article proposes a technical solution and an automated tracking system that, in combination, ensures the uniformity of seeding depth with disc coulters. The use of a flexible tubular element in the opener coulter design makes it possible to compensate for movements from the soil resistance force in real time. In this paper, a mathematical analysis of the dependence of the influence of the seed depth on the compensating force on a flexible tubular element is made, and the maximum values of this force are determined.

One of the main factors influencing the yield is the depth of seed sowing. Modern technology involves the use of disc seeders. But due to changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the force acting on the coulter when moving in the field causes the disk to move in the vertical plane, affecting the depth of the sowing. Equilibrium of the opener during operation can be ensured by using a flexible tubular element that is able to create a force compensating for the displacement of the coulter from the force of soil resistance. This mechanism allows the creation of an adaptive disc coulter, which provides the necessary depth in the seeding process. For a mathematical analysis of the equilibrium during working the coulter operation, we propose a model that takes into account the direction of the force action line and its variable value when the seeding depth is changed. The article presents graphical dependencies of the soil resistance force and the angle of inclination of the force action line to the horizon from the depth of the coulter stroke, obtained by the mathematical method. A comparative analysis of the existing and proposed models for calculating the coulter balance is carried out.

Theoretical prerequisites for drying wheat seeds based on differentiation of the supply of thermal energy are presented. It is alternation of heating and cooling processes. In the structure of the theoretical premises, terms of efficiency of grain heating and efficiency of evaporation of surface moisture are introduced. To determine these coefficients, a methodology for experimental studies is presented, including laboratory equipment. The results of experimental studies and the prospects for the development of the topic are presented.