The indicator of specific (per capita) electricity consumption (SEC) is stabilising in developed countries and increasing in developing economies. At least since the mid-2000s, the difference between the two groups of countries in terms of available power has been decreasing. In contrast to this trend, the transition of Russia to a market economy is characterised by the divergence of regions in terms of SEC. SEC of regions, being on average similar to that of the Netherlands, France, Germany, Great Britain, began to differ by 20 times. The technocenosis theory shows the need to change this negative trend. The low electricity consumption of developing countries depends on their inability to increase its production. In Russia, the problem is due to the low potential of the consumption sector, primarily in regions with SEC below 4 MWh/person per year. The solution of this macroeconomic problem, namely, the reduction of the existing differentiation in regional specific electricity consumption will help maintain the structural stability of the Russian economy and ensure its functioning in the context of external environment changes. Creation of conditions for the energy consumption development in industrial and agricultural enterprises is not a sectoral task of the electric power industry. Considering the sanctions imposed on Russia, structural stability of the national economy can be increased by improving the investment climate resulting from a decline in electricity prices for new non-residential consumers in regions with SEC below the level of developing countries. For these subsidy depending “outsider” regions, an increase in the availability of electricity, rather than the construction of new energy facilities, stimulates the labour productivity growth, re-industrialisation, and emergence of growth points.

The article highlights topical and, in many respects, debatable problems of the development of renewable energy both in the world economy and in Russia. Despite a 75% increase in generation from wind and solar stations in 2021, Russia's share in global electricity generation significantly exceeds its share in the use of renewable energy sources. What should be the priorities of the Russian state policy in this area and what are the methodological foundations for the formation of a strategy for the development of “green energy” – ​the solution of these issues lies in line with the priorities of modern economic science? Based on the tools of the general organizational science – ​tektology – ​the paper provides a theoretical justification for the possibility of synergistic effects when small and medium-sized businesses are involved in the development of the renewable energy sector, including for Russian conditions. The result of the formation of new ties between the subjects of the sectors under consideration and the participation of small and medium-sized businesses in the project of creating “green energy” will be to increase the structural stability of the transformable energy complex of Russia, diversify its fuel and energy balance, reduce the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment while reducing the cost of electricity for a wide range of end consumers. Using the example of solar microgeneration on the vertical enclosing surfaces of buildings and structures, the advantages that are currently not fully used for its development in the northern and eastern regions of Russia, which can be realized by small and medium-sized businesses without taking the territories out of economic circulation, are revealed.

The article deals with the development of renewable energy in Russia, taking into account the coordination of this sector with small and medium-sized businesses. The aim of the study is to theoretically substantiate the strategy for the transition to renewable energy based on small and medium-sized businesses and to develop practical recommendations using the example of solar energy in Russia. The methodological basis of the article is the general organizational science of tectology A.A. Bogdanov, which was subsequently developed in the general theory of systems by L. von Bertalanffy. On the basis of a system analysis of a transformable energy complex, the authors carried out a theoretical justification for the emergence of synergy as a result of the involvement of small and medium-sized businesses in the development of renewable energy. It is shown that the formation of new links between small and medium-sized businesses and renewable energy has a positive effect, consisting in diversifying the country's fuel and energy balance and reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on nature without increasing electricity prices for end consumers. Using the example of installing solar panels on the vertical enclosing surfaces of buildings and structures with the involvement of small and medium-sized businesses, the reserves currently not fully used for the development of solar energy, mainly in the northern and eastern regions of Russia, without withdrawing territories from economic circulation, have been identified. The information base of the study is the data of the International Energy Agency, IRENA, and the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System. A graphical method was used to determine the feasibility of installing solar panels in different regions, taking into account seasonal fluctuations in the intensity of insolation, as well as the dependence of the coefficient of conversion of sunlight energy into electricity on temperature and snow cover albedo. The results of the study can be recommended for countries with similar natural and environmental conditions to Russia.