The article presents the technique of paracentesis of the anterior chamber of the eye with simultaneous intra-chamber administration of 0,5% pilocarpine solution, to identify the dynamics of intraocular pressure reduction, as well as to determine the effectiveness of this procedure both immediately after its execution and in the long term; based on the analysis of the data obtained, to determine complications. The study included 37 animals (39 eyes): 24 dogs and 13 cats with glaucoma, which, according to the anamnesis, developed no more than 10 days. without any prior hypotensive treatment. All animals underwent paracentesis without the use of general anesthesia or sedation. The procedure was performed under 6x magnification using frontal illumination, with a 27G needle for 9 hours for the right eye and for 3 hours for the left eye. The puncture was carried out on the periphery of the cornea at a distance of 1 mm from the limb. The volume of aspirated intraocular fluid was no more than 2 drops. Then a 0,5 % solution of pilocarpine was injected into the anterior chamber through the opening of the paracentesis. The volume of the injected solution did not exceed 0,3 ml. After paracentesis and pilocarpine administration, dexamethasone solution was subconjunctively instilled in combination with gentamicin and novocaine. Then hypotensive therapy was prescribed from a combination of eye drops. The study shows that the method with simultaneous intra-chamber injection of 0,5 % pilocarpine solution is effective in dogs and cats without any pronounced side effects. These results allow us to suggest anterior chamber paracentesis as a procedure for emergency reduction of intraocular pressure, especially in acute attacks of glaucoma in dogs and cats.

The treatment of pathologies of posterior segment of eye, such as chorioretinitis, uveitis, various neuroretinopathies, vitreous diseases, intraocular hemorrhage, is a rather serious problem due to the difficulties of the adequate delivery of preparations into area of pathological process. One of the most effective ways to deliver drugs to eye tissue in posterior segment are intravitreal injections. The introduction of drugs is carried out directly into vitreous body through a puncture of sclera. This article presents the indications for intravitreal injections, a detailed description of properties of numerous therapeutic agents that can be delivered through intravitreal injections, potential complications of this technique and recommendations for prevention of side effects.

Diagnosis of causes of blindness in veterinary ophthalmology is an urgent issue. There are a large number of diseases of central and peripheral nervous system, which can lead to partial or complete loss of visual function in animals. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) of brain can be a reliable diagnostic research method to clarify the location of the disfunction and causes of blindness in dogs and cats. Together, the visual evoked potentials and electroretinography complement each other and give a greater idea of electrophysiology of visual process. In this article on the basis of large quantity of information we examine the ways of applying this method and the problems, connected with its use. It is important to understand that the VEP can reveal the functional disturbances of visual way, but does not give the information about the structural changes.

This paper presents a correlation between the clinical and histomorphological picture, as well as electrophysiological data characteristic of different stages of glaucoma optic neuropathy in dogs. Glaucoma is a common disease among small pets, in particular dogs, leading to impaired visual functions and blindness, which significantly reduces the quality of life of the animal. Blindness develops due to increased intraocular pressure, which leads to damage to various layers of the retina, the optic nerve disc and microcirculation disorders. Therefore, the main task in the treatment of dogs with glaucoma is the preservation of visual functions. In this work, a study was conducted to assess the clinical picture in 60 dogs with various stages of glaucoma, as well as in 18 dogs, a histomorphological study was also conducted with various stages of the glaucoma process. As a result of the conducted studies, clinical manifestations of fundus changes in the glaucomatous process in dogs have been identified and substantiated. It is shown that the clinical manifestation of glaucomatous lesion is polymorphic and depends on the severity of the course and duration of the disease. The established correlation between the data of ophthalmoscopy, fundoscopy, electroretinography and histomorphology allows classifying the disease into three stages: initial (from 1 to 5–7 days), advanced (from 7 to 30–45 days) and terminal (more than 30–45 days). Objective diagnostic symptoms of glaucomatous lesions of the posterior segment of the eyeball are: paleness of the ZEN and expansion of the excavation of the ZEN, a decrease in the neuroretinal girdle, thinning of retinal vessels, hyperreflexia of the tapetal zone.

Objective of research. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of corneal collagen cross-linking during melting corneal ulcers in dogs and cats. Describe changes in the properties and structure of the cornea during the entire observation period. Materials and methods. 15 animals were included in the study: 8 dogs and 7 cats that received preliminary treatment for underlying disease, but without positive dynamics. All animals had an infectious-inflammatory process in the cornea with signs of keratomalacia. All animals underwent mechanical diepithelization of cornea with simultaneous surface surgical treatment of pathological tissues. CXL procedure was performed under general anesthesia with preliminary saturation of corneal stroma with riboflavin solution for 30 minutes. Results. All animals showed a decrease in purulent-inflammatory process 3...5 days after CXL. Keratomalacia inhibition was noted on average by 2 ... 3 days after procedure. By 7th day of observation, stabilization of wound process and epithelization of defect were observed in 11 animals. In 4 animals, this process lasted up to 10...12 days. In 13 animals, we observed active corneal vascularization by the 14th day after CXL. In 2 animals, regeneration process was avascular. By 30th day of observation, 13 animals showed complete healing of corneal defect zone with formation of fibrosis and slight vascularization, of which 4 dogs had partial deposition of pigment in defect zone. And 1 cat on 15th day had a perforation of cornea with iris prolapse and subsequent evisceration. Conclusion. This study shows that CXL is effective in animals with infectious keratitis, accompanied by keratomalacia. These results allow us to offer CXL as an alternative to surgical methods of treatment. This method is safe for structures of eye while observing recommended protocols, which was confirmed in our work. However, given small number of patients, further research is required to select optimal combination treatment regimen.