Abstract-Traditional technologies of chitosan producing may negatively affect the main quality parameters of chitosan (molecular weight, the degree of deacetylation) due to hard alkali-acid treatment of raw materials. The authors propose an alternative technical approach. It involves the use of electrohydraulic shocks, which use extra-long bits. For reproduction of the electrohydraulic shocks in the volume of the compound, consisting of the shell of crustaceans and water in the ratio of 1:15, the authors used the installation which transforms the source of energy by means of the condenser as the accumulator of electrical energy. This scheme is implemented in the original technical solution of the apparatus for producing chitin and chitosan. The processing of shell crustaceans is advantageous when carried out with an average mode of operation of the electro-hydraulic setup, the capacitance of the capacitor (C) = 0.1 µf; voltage U = 50 kV; the distance between electrodes (l) = 25 mm; the temperature of the mixture (t) = 20 °C. The resulting suspension is passed through a suction filter, the precipitate is placed in the reactor with a mixer and a shirt. The precipitate is treated with hydrochloric acid with volume fraction of 2-4% with the hydraulic module of 1:10, a temperature of 20-25 о С and stirring for 2 h. Further, the solid and the liquid fractions were separated. Depending on the kind of used shell crustaceans, next a solution of sodium hydroxide with a mass fraction of 35-45% was added to the obtained chitin and the mixture was incubated at a temperature of 95-98 °C during 1-2 hours. The proposed approach has the following advantages: the stages of grinding and deproteinization of the raw materials are combined, the additional use of alkali is excluded at the stage of deproteinization.

The purpose of work: the choice of the rational composition of the batch mixture, which improves the molding properties of the silt loams in the production of wall ceramics by the method of plastic molding. In the course of the study, the fraction-size distribution and morphological features of the fractions were analyzed on a photometric sedimentometer FSX-6K and by optical microscopy. Determination of the plastic strength of elasto-visco-plastic systems was carried out by Rehbinder’s conical plastometer. The values of fast and slow elastic and plastic deformations were determined on an installation operating on the principle of a parallel- shifting plate. For molding compounds with various corrective mineral additives, optimum values of molding moisture in which the compound is not adversely affected by shortage and excess moisture have been experimentally established; moduli of fast and slow elastic deformation and other structural and mechanical characteristics are determined. The percent values of the reduced deformations were obtained on the basis of rheological curves of disperse systems in the axes “deformation - shear time”. It is established that the additions of components of different genesis and with different fraction morphology affect the deformation behavior of the molding compounds.

.

Industrial wastes are widely involved in the building ceramic production. Sewage sludge ashes are promising secondary sources for building ceramics production. However, sewage sludge ash application for building ceramic materials production is limited by unsatisfactory molding properties. According to modern concepts, coagulation structure formation processes can be controlled by adjusting ceramic mass compositions by highly dispersed modifying additives. In this study, the drinking water treatment sludge filtrate generated in pumping and filtering stations was used as a highly dispersed additive. The purpose of study was to assess the drinking water treatment sludge filtrate effect on rheological properties of ash-clay molding mixtures. Using the photo sedimentation analysis, X-ray phase analysis, calorimeter method and parallel-shifting plate plastometry the drinking water treatment sludge filtrate additive effect on rheological properties of ash-clay mixtures was established. It was found that ash-clay mixture modification with the drinking water treatment sludge filtrate promotes a slow elastic deformations percentage increase from 3-17% to 7-34%. Apparently, this is due to the drinking water treatment sludge filtrate highly dispersed particles adsorption on coarse ash and clay particles that promotes the growth of their hydrophilic properties. Ash-clay mixtures molding properties improvement makes it possible to increase the ceramic blanks density.