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The analysis of the experimental data obtained in stationary field experiments in the conditions of northern Steppe in the estimation of erosion-preventive resistance of various biotechnological systems is given. The main factors of the erosion-preventive regulation were 5-field grain-row crop rotation, different methods of base cultivation of soil and direct sowing, as well as plant mulch as a protective screen on the field surface. In the research the new methods and characteristics of reaction of the soil on the displays of water erosion which include the methods of packet monolith, traps and water absorbtion capacity of soil are used. Such a scientific instrument has allowed to estimate objectively and promptly the level of erosive safety at all stages of organogenesis of agricultural crops and at pauses between vegetation. It has been experimentally established that the greatest threat of erosive degradation of soils in the agrotechnological aspect represent the phytocenotic density of crops, the activity of soil tillage implements, the absence of mulching screen, the tread condition of soil surface. It has been proved that the application of chisel disk cultivation of soil and No-till under spring barley and winter wheat in comparison with the most erosion-dangerous element-plowing in bare fallow reduces the displays of water erosion in 2,4-3,3 times. On sowings of row crops with an increased level of erosion threat, soil protective methods of basic cultivation can reduce soil washoff by 1,5-2,2 times. The mechanics of soil movement in the arable layer have been discovered, depending on the design of the tools of the soil-cultivating units. A mobile way of determining the depth of precipitation moisture infiltration by means of differentiation of the arable layer in accordance with soil hardness index is proposed. Priority of erosion-preventive agro-technological measures should be maintained despite the reduction of grain yield by 5-11% and the need for some modernization of farm crop growing technologies.

Theoretical justification of the choice of harvester propulsion for rice harvesting is presented in the paper. The main features of rice harvesting were described. Moreover, soil bearing capacity is the main factor that limited the use of different harvesters in the climatic conditions of the Krasnodar krai. Thus, the numerical model was developed to determine the specific types of harvesters. The model took into account correlations of design parameters and soil rheological properties with the rut depth. The results of the calculations made it possible to justify the mass of the harvester depending on the actual bearing capacity of the soil during the harvesting period for the conditions of the Krasnodar krai.

We determined that the structure of phytocenosis of weeds in corn crops caused by the influence of their adaptive ability and structure of crop areas in crop rotation. The basis of the dominance of weeds in the species structure is the resistance to herbicides, wide range of similarity, morphological plasticity, and the presence of non-toxic signs. The application of the technology of corn cultivation of small, non-field multicultural soil cultivation (chiseling, flattening loosening) leads to strong increase in the level of permeation by 1.4-1.8 times, which in turn requires the additional rules for soil treatment and postemerged herbicides that reliably control the corn productivity. It has been proved that field plowing and chiseling together with the introduction of the N30P30K30 had minimal advantage on the corn grain yields in non-fertilized conditions due to better nutritional conditions and lower levels of perennial crops. The most effective soil treatment was the shallow and flattening loosening of the chip which under increase of nitrogen content (N60P30K30) caused by corn fertilization allows us to obtain the same yield concerning the plowing and chiseling. The methods of basic soil cultivation under low level of feed infestation (9.0-12.6 pieces/m²) did not have significant effect on the quality of corn grain. The introduction of mineral fertilizers (especially nitrogen) increases the tendency to increase the protein content in the grain (proteins) and reduce the content of carbohydrates, especially the starch. Key words: corn; multicultural soil cultivation; weediness; fertilization; mineral fertilizers; crop capacity Динаміка чисельності бур'янів і їх видового складу в агроценозах кукурудзи залежно від обробітку грунту та удобрення в північному степу України Встановлено, що формування структури фітоценозу бур'янів в посівах кукурудзи відбувається під впливом їх адаптивної здатності та структури посівних площ в сівозміні. Основою домінування бур'янів у видовій структурі є стійкість до гербіцидів, широкий діапазон схожості, морфологічна пластичність і наявність неотенічних ознак. Застосування в технології вирощування кукурудзи мілкого безполицевого мульчувального обробітку ґрунту (чизелювання, плоскорізне розпушування) призводить до підвищення рівня забур'яненості в 1,4-1,8 рази, що в свою чергу потребує додаткового