Studying questions of application of various tutorials in practice of work of the school teacher of chemistry, we have addressed to educational texts XIX – beginnings ХХ centuries It is translation both original textbooks and books of problems not only in chemistry, but also on the physics. The matter is that the independent subject "chemistry" existed no more than in 25 % of average educational institutions of the Russian empire. For this reason chemical data inevitably joined in physics textbooks. Still in the end of XYIII centuries P.Gilarovsky, the professor of the Petersburg teacher's seminary, in the preface to his textbook of physics has noticed that it "has added" data from chemistry as it is necessary for the physicist. There upon by us have been considered over 200 textbooks and books of problems of physics and chemistry which found application in various types of average educational institutions of Russia. The most interesting are chosen from them 40 in the methodical plan and questions and problems which were offered in these texts to pupils are considered. The file of educational texts studied by us allows, on the one hand, when also what questions and settlement problems in chemistry have appeared in high school. Simultaneously we enrich a modern technique of training by those approaches and receptions which were applied by our predecessors since problems simultaneously are both tutorial and a training method. Possibility to estimate use of the mathematic device by the schoolboys who have passed a course more hundred fifty years ago is useful also. Comparison, by the way, unfortunately, is obvious not in our advantage. Key words: tutorials, history of a technique of training, settlement problems.

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History school textbook on chemistry in the Russian Empire beginning in the first half of the 19th century. Which textbooks in chemistry were the first? Who were their authors? What do You know about first stable tutorials in 1930-ies? All of this is briefly reflected in proposed to Your attention. You will learn about the first criteria that guided the first authors of textbooks in 1803 and 1840 уу. You can read also about the pedagogical censorship, which appeared in 1869. Finally, You will be offered to current approaches to assessing the quality of the texts. The first formulation of this issue was started in the last decades of the 20th century. The author presents a comparative description of modern Russian textbooks, per-formed on the basis of the proposed criteria. Any teacher can evaluate themselves in accord-ance with these views and, on that basis, selective tutoring for his school. Seemingly has everything You need to create the ideal textbook, but it has not yet been established. At the same time in education appeared e-learning tools, including e-learning textbook. In addition to traditional types of information - text, tables, pictures etc. - electronic textbooks may use and new – speech, music, movie videos, animations and other colored. It is possible to use multiple document, presenting system information, hypertext links. Now, authors and consumers will face two challenges: the quality of these tests and their correlation with classical, i.e. paper. Thus arises the question of creation of ergonomic tutorial of the twenty-first century. Keywords: history textbooks, quality criteria for classic and electronic textbooks, ergonomic tutorial.

Until the end of the 18th century, Russia did not have original chemistry textbooks. Every-body had to use translations, including textbooks of physics, in which there was always a section on chemical phenomena. In the early 19th century domestic textbooks of chemistry appeared. At first they were few. Their undoubted advantage was that they were made by those who directly taught at school. Your attention is invited to the history of textbooks containing information on school chemistry. For the best of them, a brief description is given. Of considerable interest are the methodical views of the authors of first original textbooks. Their approach is quite appropriate in the preparation of modern educational texts on natural Sciences. Key words: school textbooks, 19th century, chemistry methodics, methodical experience.

One of the most difficult elements for students in chemistry is writing and balancing equations of chemical reactions. The aim of this research was to investigate the ability of the 8-9th grade students to write chemical formulas and equations of reactions. Verhovskij’s method, which involves using white and full-colour paper cards, was proposed as a chemistry teaching method for students. Some of the students suggested using non-paper-based cards, i.e. “domino sticks”. The obtained results proved that students who had participated in the building blocks activity showed significantly higher post-test scores than students who had not participated. The average grade of the students who used the cards for chemical formula formation and reaction equations increased respectively by 1.30 and 1.20. The average grade for writing and balancing of the reactions equations was lower because balancing requires strong knowledge in mathematics. The results have shown that the use of cards is a good method at an early stage of chemistry education. Keywords: general chemistry, hands-on learning, domino-stick, graphical formula, reaction equation.