Nowadays heat protection of buildings is being improved together with calculation procedure of heat demand. Herewith, classical approach to development of heating system remains unchanged for quite long time, which leads to significant errors. Experimental data available to designers for selection of heating appliances do not provide complete picture for their reasonable selection. This is stipulated by existing empirical coefficients, which are assumed to be conventionally constant at any temperature regimes of operation of heating appliances. This work analyzes the sequence of development of mathematical model of convector, which facilitates more accurate estimation of heating capacity upon quantitative adjustment of heating medium.

The article considers the creation of a regulatory framework in the field of rationing the energy efficiency of water heating systems, and gives recommendations for its creation. In heating systems, there are two main types of energy consumption: electrical and thermal. Electric consumption primarily depends on the correct choice of the pump in the system, its efficiency, as well as the design and operation characteristics of the heating system. Existing methods for assessing energy efficiency, used for ventilation systems, are not applicable for heating systems, since certain conditions must be met for high-quality exploitation. In particular, such conditions include the removal of air from the system and the provision of proportional regulation of the heat transfer of the heating devices. The article gives an example of determining the energy efficiency of a heating system depending on these conditions, and the proposed methodology and methodology applicable for ventilation systems are compared. The considered technique can be applied at carrying out of examination of the design documentation of section “Heating and ventilation”.

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Modern heating systems are a complex set of equipment and elements, the main task of which is to provide comfortable conditions in the serviced premises, regardless of external deflecting factors. Water heating systems with variable hydraulic mode are the most common type of heating in newly constructed residential and public buildings. The installation of differential pressure regulators in individual heating systems is mandatory from the point of view of ensuring noiseless operation and reducing the mutual influence of regulatory areas. However, the location of their installation is controversial in the professional community. This paper covers the range of hydraulic modes of operation of two variants of the design of individual heating system used in this practice of system design: installation of only floor-by-floor collectors, followed by the connection of internal apartment circuits, or with the installation of additional collectors in each apartment. Formulas for estimating changes in the coolant flow rate during operation with high-quality individual control of the system are proposed. The values of the degree of opening of the regulators in the entire permissible range of operation of the system, the hysteresis and the pressure loss created by the differential pressure regulator are obtained. Conclusions are drawn about the rationality of using the proposed designs of the apartment-by-apartment heating system

Research in the basic sciences is a critical factor in the development of the civil engineering industry. Solving the problems of radiation-convective heat transfer from heated surfaces has always aroused interest from the point of view of science and practical engineering application of knowledge. However, analytical solutions to these problems are obtained for elementary cases, for example, for infinite plates heated uniformly, or the propagation of heat waves in them obeys certain laws. The solution of the coupled problem of radiation-convective transfer from the surface of these panels is complicated not only by the geometric shape, but also by the openness of the entire thermophysical system, which includes the transfer of thermal energy from the coolant (coolant for cooling systems) to the surface of the thermal panel, from the panel to the room air by convection, and radiation to surrounding bodies (enclosing structures, furniture, people). In turn, additional heat exchange by convection occurs between the air and the enclosing structures. This article considers the possibility of obtaining an analytical solution to the problem of temperature distribution on the surface of a plate with two heat sources. When deriving the formulas, the classical equations of thermodynamics (Newton-Richmann, Fourier’s law, Helmholtz equation) were used. The general solution of the differential equation, in this case, is a linear combination of the Infeld and MacDonald functions. The research results can be applied to various areas of technical sciences: cooling of microprocessors, renewable sources of thermal energy, thermal and cooling panels for industrial production, automotive, marine shipbuilding, and of course heating and air conditioning systems for buildings and transport.