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Biofuels derived from vegetable oils are increasingly used in diesel engines. The article analyzes the physicochemical properties of petroleum diesel fuel and biofuels of various compositions. A technique has been developed to optimize the composition of multicomponent composite biofuels for diesel engines of agricultural machinery. The optimal composition of a mixture of petroleum diesel fuel, rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil methyl ester has been determined, providing the best combination of fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions. The optimization calculations made it possible to select the composition of a multicomponent mixed biofuel for the D-245.12S engine installed on domestic agricultural machines.

The article discusses the possibility of using blended biofuels from rapeseed oil (RO) as fuel for a diesel engine. RO blended diesel fuel (DF) and emulsified multicomponent biofuels have been investigated. Fuel physicochemical properties have been analyzed. Experimental tests of a diesel engine D-245 in the operating conditions of the external characteristic curve and the 13-mode test cycle have been conducted to investigate the effect of these fuels on engine performances. CFD simulations of the nozzle inner flow were performed for DF and ethanol-emulsified RO. The possibility of a significant improvement in brake thermal efficiency of the engine has been noted. The efficiency of using blended biofuels from RO as a motor fuel for diesel engines has been evaluated based on the experimental test results. It was shown that in comparison with the presence of RO in emulsified multicomponent biofuel, the presence of water has a more significant effect on NOx emission reduction. The content of RO and the content of water in the investigated emulsified fuels have a comparable influence on exhaust smoke reduction. Nozzle inner flow simulations show that the emulsification of RO changes its flow behaviors and cavitation regime.

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