Regulatory state agencies propose new solutions on regulating relationship in agriculture. Countries with developed agriculture have various national public institutions with a wide range of functions. They develop public policies, set standards, issue licenses and other permissions, do inspections, protect rights of agricultural products consumers, provide support to producers, and etc. Bodies regulating relationship in agriculture act in accordance with the general regulatory trends. Their activity is influenced by modernization and reformation processes, such as deregulation in various forms, transition from a command and control model of regulation to new models providing incentives for producers to voluntarily compliance, risk-based approach introduction, etc. Regulatory tools are often not effective enough for a number of reasons. This work consists of three parts, it evaluates the current state of agriculture in specific actual areas. The first section investigates general trends in the development of regulatory theory and practice. The second section deals with the problems of protecting farmers from unfair trade practices of suppliers and retail chains. The third section presents the results of the analysis of competing provisions on environmental protection and food safety. In conclusion, the authors give a system of new ways of regulation which can replace traditional ways of deterrence.
The commentary discusses the features of application of measures of administrative responsibility for different types of offenses in the field of environmental protection, as well as in various fields of environmental management. Special attention is paid to the analysis of criteria of differentiation of the components of administrative offences and related criminal offences under the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Taking into account all the changes and additions made to Chapter 8 of the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offences as of November 1, 2019, are examples of administrative and judicial enforcement, as well as a synthesis and recommendations contained in the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. For practitioners - judges, prosecutors, environmental agencies, leading proceedings for environmental offences, the police and other law enforcement agencies, attorneys, and administrative staff of business structures, experts of self-regulating organisations, academics, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates and law students and faculties.
В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с правовым положением государственного инспектора в структуре контрольно-надзорного органа с точки зрения соответствия правовому положению в отношениях с юридическими лицами, индивидуальными предпринимателями и гражданами. Внутриорганизационная составляющая административно-правового статуса государственного инспектора определяет его самостоятельность и в то же время подконтрольность, нацеленность на достижение конкретных показателей, способность решать поставленные задачи.Методология исследования обусловлена спецификой избранного предмета и включает набор общенаучных методов научного познания (анализ, синтез, сравнение).Рассмотрены несколько существенных элементов статуса должностного лица контрольно-надзорного органа, негативно влияющих на эффективность и результативность государственного контроля (надзора) и достижение целей контрольно-надзорной деятельности.В статусе должностного лица контрольно-надзорного органа переплетаются разрешительные, контрольно-надзорные и административно-юрисдикционные полномочия, кроме того, данное должностное лицо участвует в разработке обязательных требований, соблюдение которых оно впоследствии проверяет. В результате у должностного лица возникает личная заинтересованность в установлении заведомо невыполнимых, необоснованно затратных, избыточных требований. Действующая система оценки эффективности и результативности деятельности должностного лица контрольно-надзорного органа основана на «палочной системе», искажающей мотивацию должностного лица, ориентирующей его на поиск признаков формальных нарушений обязательных требований, не влияющих на безопасность деятельности проверяемого объекта. Обоснована необходимость гармонизации законодательства о государственном контроле (надзоре), законодательства об административных правонарушениях и законодательства о порядке рассмотрения обращений граждан, в частности содержащих сведения о нарушениях обязательных требований.Ключевые слова: государственный контроль (надзор), должностное лицо, контрольно-надзорный орган, обязательные требования, административная ответственность, административное правонарушение, обращение гражданина, юридическое лицо.
The present article is devoted to problem aspects of administrative responsibility for illegal remuneration on behalf of the organization in the Russian Federation. In the article on the base of law-enforcement practice are analyzed suggestions for improvement of legislative mechanisms of involvement organizations to responsibility for the corruption offenses made from a name or in interests of such organizations. Carrying out researches on the designated subject is provided by the National plan of corruption counteraction for 2014—2015. In Russian law-enforcement practice there are a lot of cases when the organization actively assists in criminal prosecution of the guilty person. However, judges make the organization responsible. Considering the big sizes of sanctions provided by this article, the situation is perceived as injustice and doesn´t promote achievement of the objectives of administrative responsibility. In this regard authors developed the special bases of releasing organization from responsibility in cases when governing bodies actively promote disclosure and investigation of the criminal offence made by interested person.
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