Self-governance can be a suitable instrument for the communitybased management of a common pool resource (CPR). Under self-governance, individuals may organize themselves for the use of a CPR, a lake in our case study, to deal with problems of overexploitation and low profits that arise due to open access. Unlike most of previous research, which are ex-post in nature, this research explores the feasibility and desirability of carrying out an exante assessment of the potential for self-governance to manage a CPR. Taking a set of theoretical conditions, this research proposes a way to assess the CPR users' perception on the adoption of self-governance. It represents a step toward understanding a priori whether self-governance would be feasible or not.

This study examines the impact of different food scare events on marketing margins in the U.S. beef and pork industries. The authors analyze how market stresses induced by the Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) recalls and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreaks affect price spreads and the extent of price transmission at the slaughter-to-wholesale and wholesale-to-retail levels. They use monthly national data for the period 1986-2008, which includes records of FSIS recalls of varying severity and BSE events in the United States and Canada. The authors account for immediate and delayed effects of food scares and for potential cross effects across industries and countries. The results indicate that beef and food recalls do not affect their corresponding price margins and overall food safety incidents have minor cross-industry and cross-country effects. However, BSE discoveries in the United States considerably affect marketing margins in the beef industry, particularly at the wholesale-to-retail level. Interestingly, subsequent discoveries had smaller impacts on price margins. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy outbreaks also appear to affect the extent of price transmission between wholesalers and retailers.This study examines the effect food recalls and disease outbreaks on marketing margins in the U.S. beef and pork industry at farm-wholesale-retail levels. In particular, we evaluate how market stresses induced by different food recalls and disease outbreaks affect price margins at the farm-to-wholesale and wholesale-to-retail levels. We further examine the extent of price transmission along the marketing channel during food scares. We use monthly national data for the period 1986-2008.The analysis of potential effects of food scares on the red meat supply chain requires considering certain aspects. First, because food recalls and BSE outbreaks may occur simultaneously, some confounded effect is expected between food contamination and animal disease. It is important, then, to isolate the effect of different types of food scares when assessing their impact on the marketing channel. In addition, these effects may vary with the severity of the events. We separately account for BSE outbreaks and three different types of FSIS recalls: (a) recalls due to pathogenic bacteria or class I bacterial; (b) the rest of class I recalls that originate, for example, due to allergenic ingredients or underprocessing (hereafter called class I other); and (c) national recalls that are effective in all of the states in the United States and are not necessarily a class I recall.Another aspect to consider is the likely cross-effect across industries and countries during food scare events. Accordingly, we jointly model price spreads for beef and pork to control for any underlying correlation or substitution effects across these markets. We focus on beef and pork because they are the two main red meat products, which are direct, close substitutes of each other and are frequently handled by the same agents across the marketing ...

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La formación del autogobierno para el control y gestión colectiva de los recursos naturales enfrenta muchas limitantes, principalmente cuando se trata de los denominados recursos de uso común (CPR por sus siglas en inglés). Uno de los objetivos de este trabajo, consiste en retomar algunas referencias teóricas que detallan ciertas condiciones económicas, sociales y aquéllas de carácter político, que permitirán evaluar ex-ante el potencial de éxito del autogobierno, por medio de la identificación y el diseño de indicadores clave, modelo del que no hay indicios de aplicación para el manejo y gestión de los CPR. La propuesta metodológica aquí planteada se complementa con la inclusión de la influencia de los partidos políticos como variable, actores relevantes institucionalizados en los contextos locales o regionales de aprovechamiento de los bienes comunes, generadores de liderazgos integradores de objetivos compartidos y que inciden en el logro de la acción colectiva para el autogobierno de los CPR.

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