Because only a few codominant markers are available for this species, the newly identified SSRs will facilitate genetic diversity studies, fingerprinting, and mapping. In addition, the 9 loci successfully amplified in P. granatum var. nana. No cross transferability was observed for Cuphea micropetala and Lagerstroemia indica (Lythraceae).
Italian almond germplasm is characterized by a wide diversity in several growing areas among which Sicily is one of the most important. Analysis with consensus and specific primers and DNA sequencing was performed to investigate S-RNase genetic diversity and to elucidate the homology rate within a genetic pool of 27 Italian accessions. Interestingly, some of the self-compatible cultivars did not show the presence of S f allele. Amplicons from consensus and allele-specific PCR primers revealed a high level of variability. Sequencing of all the S-RNase amplicons derived from consensus primers allowed the identification of two new S-RNase alleles (S 51 and S 52 ). Surprisingly, despite the AA replacement mutation, S 51 did not exhibit any change of its S-RNase function. Additionally, several mutations, with no effect on amino acid composition, were detected in the intron and/or in the ORF of four known alleles (S g , S 10 , S 31 and S 35 ). Genetic variation, regarding point mutations and only detected by sequencing, was revealed among 11 of 27 tested cultivars. The new sources of variability might have an interest for product traceability.
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